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Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2
Lopez OL, Jagust WJ, Dulberg C, Becker JT, DeKosky ST, Fitzpatrick A, Breitner J, Lyketsos C et al.. Archives of neurology, 2003-10-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Results Mild cognitive impairment (n = 577) was associated with race (African American), low educational level, low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores, cortical atrophy, MRI-identified infarcts, and measurements of depression. The MCI amnestic-type was associated with MRI-identified infarcts, the presence of the APOE epsilon4 allele, and low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores. The MCI multiple cognitive deficits-type was associated with low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores. Conclusions The development of MCI is associated with measurements of cognition and depression, racial and constitutional factors, and cerebrovascular disease. Early cognitive deficits seem to be a common denominator for the 2 forms of MCI; the presence of cerebrovascular disease and the APOE epsilon4 allele is associated with the amnestic type of MCI.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Lopez, O. L., Jagust, W. J., Dulberg, C., Becker, J. T., DeKosky, S. T., Fitzpatrick, A., et al. (2003). Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2. Archives of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.10.1394
Vancouver
Lopez OL, Jagust WJ, Dulberg C, Becker JT, DeKosky ST, Fitzpatrick A, et al. Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2. Archives of neurology. 2003. doi:10.1001/archneur.60.10.1394. PMID: 14568809.
BibTeX
@article{lopez2003-14568809,
author = {Lopez, O. L. and Jagust, W. J. and Dulberg, C. and Becker, J. T. and DeKosky, S. T. and Fitzpatrick, A. and Breitner, J. and Lyketsos, C. and others},
title = {{Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2}},
journal = {Archives of neurology},
year = {2003},
doi = {10.1001/archneur.60.10.1394},
pmid = {14568809},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.10.1394}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Results Mild cognitive impairment (n = 577) was associated with race (African American), low educational level, low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores, cortical atrophy, MRI-identified infarcts, and measurements of depression.
- The MCI amnestic-type was associated with MRI-identified infarcts, the presence of the APOE epsilon4 allele, and low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores.
- The MCI multiple cognitive deficits-type was associated with low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores.
- Conclusions The development of MCI is associated with measurements of cognition and depression, racial and constitutional factors, and cerebrovascular disease.
- Early cognitive deficits seem to be a common denominator for the 2 forms of MCI; the presence of cerebrovascular disease and the APOE epsilon4 allele is associated with the amnestic type of MCI.
Why it matters
In the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort, mild cognitive impairment was associated with being African American, low education, low cognitive test scores, cortical atrophy, MRI-identified infarcts and depression measures. The amnestic (memory) type of MCI was linked to MRI-identified infarcts, the APOE epsilon4 allele and low Mini-Mental State scores, and the authors describe early cognitive deficits as common to both types. These are associations reported without effect sizes; the study does not show that any factor causes MCI, and it tests no treatment.
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Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Participants927
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 66/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Archives of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Archives of Neurology: journal h-index 353 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2003 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 927 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 476 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 19.0 citations a year over 25 year(s) since 2003 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 17.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 4 / 6 | Cited by 48 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 20 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Lewis H. Kuller: h-index 173 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 3 / 3 | University of Washington: institution h-index 3,540 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 14568809) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 66 / 100 | — |
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Read the original
- DOI: 10.1001/archneur.60.10.1394
- PubMed: 14568809
- Original source →
- Free full text: eScholarship (California Digital Library) →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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