Home › Research › Long-term cohort studies
Retinopathy and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study
Schrijvers EM, Buitendijk GH, Ikram MK, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Breteler MM.. Neurology, 2012-07-11
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objective To investigate the relation between retinopathy and the risk of dementia. Methods We investigated the associations between retinopathy and dementia and its subtypes Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia both cross-sectionally and prospectively in the Rotterdam Study, a large population-based cohort study. Digitized retinal images were available for 195 participants with prevalent dementia and 6,078 participants without dementia at baseline (1990-1993).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Schrijvers, E. M., Buitendijk, G. H., Ikram, M. K., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., Vingerling, JR., et al. (2012). Retinopathy and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e318260cd7e
Vancouver
Schrijvers EM, Buitendijk GH, Ikram MK, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, et al. Retinopathy and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology. 2012. doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318260cd7e. PMID: 22786586.
BibTeX
@article{schrijvers2012-22786586,
author = {Schrijvers, E. M. and Buitendijk, G. H. and Ikram, M. K. and Koudstaal, P. J. and Hofman, A. and Vingerling, JR. and Breteler, M. M.},
title = {{Retinopathy and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.0b013e318260cd7e},
pmid = {22786586},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e318260cd7e}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Methods We investigated the associations between retinopathy and dementia and its subtypes Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia both cross-sectionally and prospectively in the Rotterdam Study, a large population-based cohort study.
- Digitized retinal images were available for 195 participants with prevalent dementia and 6,078 participants without dementia at baseline (1990-1993).
- Participants were reexamined in 1993-1994, 1997-1999, and 2002-2004 and were continuously monitored for development of dementia until January 1, 2007.
- Retinopathy was graded on fundus photographs and was defined as the presence of one or more dot/blot hemorrhages, microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, or evidence of laser treatment for retinopathy.
Why it matters
This Rotterdam Study investigated whether retinopathy is related to dementia and its subtypes, Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. It is an observational study, so it cannot show that treating retinopathy prevents or treats dementia.
Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants195
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 58/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Neurology: journal h-index 525 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2012 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 195 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 60 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 3.8 citations a year over 16 year(s) since 2012 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 4 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 12 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Monique M.B. Breteler: h-index 162 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Erasmus MC: institution h-index 1,321 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 22786586) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 58 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Related
Studies in the library that share something with this one. The line above each title says what.
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.
Later studies that cite this one
4 studies in the alzhub library list this one in their references.
Related studies in Long-term cohort studies
Also tagged “incidence”
1,084 studies in the library carry the topic tag “incidence”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 1,084 tagged studies.