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44/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Disparities

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

Medicare beneficiaries who received an AWV were 13% to 21% more likely than those without an AWV to be diagnosed at MCI stage versus ADRD stage. The interaction effect of AWV, sex, and race/ethnicity on MCI diagnosis was significant. The likelihood of MCI diagnosis versus ADRD was similar between females and males among those who received AWVs. Receiving an AWV reduced, but did not eliminate, racial/ethnic differences in MCI diagnosis. AWVs had modest but significant effects in reducing disparity in the diagnosis of early cognitive impairment. Highlights: Data from analyses of Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer's disease and related dementias suggested a positive association between Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) use and early diagnosis of cognitive impairment (CI).AWVs had modest but significant effects in reducing the sex and racial/ethnic disparity in early CI diagnosis.Further studies, including on cognition assessment, caregivers' preferences for AWVs, and the ways in which providers deliver AWVs, will help us better understand the effect of AWVs on reducing disparities in early dementia diagnosis.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Kuo, Y., Tzeng, H., Shan, Y., & Raji, M. A. (2025). Can annual wellness visits reduce disparity in early dementia diagnosis? Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70114

Vancouver

Kuo Y, Tzeng H, Shan Y, Raji MA. Can annual wellness visits reduce disparity in early dementia diagnosis? Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring. 2025. doi:10.1002/dad2.70114. PMID: 40357141.

BibTeX

@article{kuo2025-40357141,
  author  = {Kuo, Yong‐Fang and Tzeng, Huey‐Ming and Shan, Yong and Raji, Mukaila A.},
  title   = {{Can annual wellness visits reduce disparity in early dementia diagnosis?}},
  journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia Diagnosis Assessment \& Disease Monitoring},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1002/dad2.70114},
  pmid    = {40357141},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70114}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: this is a case-control study. People with the condition are compared with people without it, looking backward at past exposures. Recall of the past can be uneven between the groups, and the design shows association, not cause.
Size: the record lists 100 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded moderate. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Moderate means the abstract mentions a cohort, case-control or longitudinal design. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Medicare beneficiaries who received an AWV were 13% to 21% more likely than those without an AWV to be diagnosed at MCI stage versus ADRD stage.
The interaction effect of AWV, sex, and race/ethnicity on MCI diagnosis was significant.
The likelihood of MCI diagnosis versus ADRD was similar between females and males among those who received AWVs.
Receiving an AWV reduced, but did not eliminate, racial/ethnic differences in MCI diagnosis.
AWVs had modest but significant effects in reducing disparity in the diagnosis of early cognitive impairment.

Why it matters

This study found that Medicare beneficiaries who received an annual wellness visit were 13% to 21% more likely to be diagnosed at the mild cognitive impairment stage rather than the dementia stage. Annual wellness visits reduced, but did not eliminate, racial and ethnic differences in early diagnosis.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Disparities →

Study details

Study designcase-control study
Participants100
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 44/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a case-control study. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring)
Journal's citation record	1 / 4	Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring: journal h-index 86 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	6 / 12	A case-control study
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	2 / 4	100 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 1 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	0 / 5	0.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	1 / 6	Cited 0.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	0 / 4	Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Mukaila A. Raji: h-index 47 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston: institution h-index 655 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	0 / 3	OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete)
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40357141)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	44 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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