(1) outlook in PD is heterogeneous, with most dying or developing dementia or postural instability by 10 years from diagnosis, but a quarter still doing well, with preserved mobility and intact cognition; (2) death is not directly related to PD in the majority; (3) baseline clinical and genetic variables are predictive of outcome and may be helpful in selecting patients for clinical trials. 1 key finding →
Participants: 142
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2002-10-01
Patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with no known diagnosis of ALS or family history of ALS were clinically and electrophysiologically assessed for the presence of ALS. 1 key finding →
Participants: 36
Evidence: low
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2000-11-01
Incidence of parkinsonism and PD increased with age, PD was the most common type of parkinsonism, and men had a risk of developing PD twice that of women. 2 key findings →
Participants: 4,341
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2007-11-01
The amnestic syndrome of the medial temporal type, defined by the Free and Cued Selective Recall Reminding Test, is able to distinguish patients at an early stage of Alzheimer disease from mild cognitive impairment non-converters. 2 key findings →
Participants: 251
Evidence: low
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Longitudinal analysis revealed progressive and widespread changes in the grey matter, notably including the basal ganglia. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 36
Evidence: moderate
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Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting >1% of the population ≥65 years of age and with a prevalence set to double by 2030. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
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This is a clinicopathologic study of a prospective, clinic-based cohort of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/Pick complex, who were followed to autopsy. 1 key finding →
Participants: 32
Evidence: moderate
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Here, we investigated if TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43), the disease protein in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ubiquitin inclusions with or without motor neuron disease as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also formed inclusions in Lewy body (LB) disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) without or with dementia (PDD), and dementia with LBs (DLB) alone or in association with Alzheimer's disease (AD). 3 key findings →
Evidence: low
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We report the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathologic features of progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), a rare neurodegenerative syndrome most notable for its distinct language disturbance. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2014-04-01
Although levodopa is the most effective medication available for treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease, in certain instances (eg, mild symptoms, tremor as the only or most prominent symptom, aged Conclusions and relevance Strong evidence supports using levodopa and dopamine agonists for motor symptoms at all stages of Parkinson disease. 1 key finding →
Evidence: low
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Sleep is evolutionarily conserved across all species, and impaired sleep is a common trait of the diseased brain. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
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Familial parkinsonism and dementia with cortical and subcortical Lewy bodies is uncommon, and no genetic defect has been reported in the previously described sibships. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
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The two current major staging systems in use for Lewy body disorders fail to classify up to 50% of subjects. 3 key findings →
Participants: 417
Evidence: low
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The relative importance of Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies to dementia in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. 3 key findings →
Participants: 15
Evidence: low
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The innate immune system is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), but peripheral in-vivo clinical evidence of the components and driving mechanisms involved and their relationship with clinical heterogeneity and progression to dementia remain poorly explored. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 41
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2003-06-01
Baseline data available from 59 patients enrolled in the PSYCLOPS (PSychosis and CLOzapine in PD Study) trial included age, age at onset of PD, duration of PD and psychosis, character of psychosis, medications, living setting, and scores for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 59
Evidence: moderate
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Most prognostic studies on Parkinson disease have been hospital based or have applied register-based case-finding methods. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 6,969
Evidence: moderate
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We identified individuals with an incident diagnosis of PD (n=1276) and controls (n=500 406) in UK Biobank. 4 key findings →
Participants: 1,276
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2006-07-01
Increased homocysteine levels might accelerate dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson disease (PD), through neurotoxic effects. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 5,289
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2009-05-20
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). 4 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 172
Evidence: moderate
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Early onset hallucinations were significantly more common in pLBD than pAD (OR 0.069 [95% CI 0.012-0.397], p = 0.003) or mixed AD+LBD (OR 0.09 [95% CI 0.010-0.771], p = 0.028) and there was a greater increase in the odds of hallucinations over time in pAD and AD+LBD than pLBD such that there was was no difference in the prevalence of late-onset hallucinations between pLBD, pAD or AD+LBD. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 37
Evidence: moderate
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NPS were highly prevalent (≥90%) in early and late bvFTD. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 354
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Nature Medicine
·
2026-02-16
Accurate diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remains challenging, with misdiagnosis potentially leading to harmful treatment decisions. 3 key findings →
Participants: 740
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Science
·
1997-06-27
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a lifetime incidence of approximately 2 percent.
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Here, we present new criteria aimed to optimize early, sensitive, and specific clinical diagnosis of PSP on the basis of currently available evidence. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.