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Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: two-fold higher incidence in men. ILSA Working Group. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Baldereschi M, Di Carlo A, Rocca WA, Vanni P, Maggi S, Perissinotto E, Grigoletto F, Amaducci L et al.. Neurology, 2000-11-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Objective To determine the incidence of parkinsonism and PD in the Italian elderly, and to explore the relation with age and gender. Methods In eight Italian municipalities, a population-based, parkinsonism-free cohort was followed for an average of 3 years. At the end of the follow-up, the cohort survivors were directly contacted (screening and clinical examination). Cohort members who had died were studied using death certificates, clinical records, and information gathered from relatives and general practitioners. Parkinsonism diagnosis and subtyping were made according to specified diagnostic criteria. Results The cohort consisted of 4,341 individuals (65 to 84 years of age): 596 died before the examination, 2,863 (76.4% of the survivors) completed the screening procedure, and 882 refused to participate. The authors found 68 incident cases of parkinsonism: 42 PD (62%), 7 drug-induced parkinsonism (10%), 8 parkinsonism in dementia (12%), 8 vascular parkinsonism (12%), and 3 parkinsonism, unspecified (5.8%). Average annual incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) in the population aged 65 to 84 years, adjusted to the 1992 Italian population, was 529.7 (95% CI, 400.5 to 658.9) for parkinsonism, and 326.3 (95% CI, 224.1 to 427.5) for PD. Incidence rates for both parkinsonism and PD increased with age in both men and women; men had higher rates in every age group. Age-adjusted relative risk in men compared with women was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.70) for parkinsonism and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.11 to 4.11) for PD. Conclusions Incidence of parkinsonism and PD increased with age, PD was the most common type of parkinsonism, and men had a risk of developing PD twice that of women.
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APA 7th
Baldereschi, M., Di Carlo, A., Rocca, W. A., Vanni, P., Maggi, S., Perissinotto, E., et al. (2000). Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: two-fold higher incidence in men. ILSA Working Group. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.55.9.1358
Vancouver
Baldereschi M, Di Carlo A, Rocca WA, Vanni P, Maggi S, Perissinotto E, et al. Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: two-fold higher incidence in men. ILSA Working Group. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology. 2000. doi:10.1212/wnl.55.9.1358. PMID: 11087781.
BibTeX
@article{baldereschi2000-11087781,
author = {Baldereschi, M. and Di Carlo, A. and Rocca, W. A. and Vanni, P. and Maggi, S. and Perissinotto, E. and Grigoletto, F. and Amaducci, L. and others},
title = {{Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: two-fold higher incidence in men. ILSA Working Group. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2000},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.55.9.1358},
pmid = {11087781},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.55.9.1358}
}
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Key findings
- Results The cohort consisted of 4,341 individuals (65 to 84 years of age): 596 died before the examination, 2,863 (76.4% of the survivors) completed the screening procedure, and 882 refused to participate.
- Age-adjusted relative risk in men compared with women was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.70) for parkinsonism and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.11 to 4.11) for PD.
Why it matters
This study measured how often parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease occurred in older Italians and found higher rates in men. It concerns Parkinson's disease, not the treatment, cure or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Participants4,341
- Effect size76.4%; 5.8%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 59/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Neurology: journal h-index 525 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2000 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 4,341 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 529 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 18.9 citations a year over 28 year(s) since 2000 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 7.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 2 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 64 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Domenico Inzitari: h-index 60 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Mayo Clinic: institution h-index 1,606 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 11087781) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 59 / 100 | — |
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