Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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In preclinical studies, it has demonstrated vascular protective and antioxidant effects, with emerging evidence suggesting potential neuroprotective properties.
Why it matters
This is a trial design paper, so no results on whether equol affects vascular or cognitive aging are available yet. The neuroprotective suggestion comes only from preclinical studies, not from people.
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A total of 14 participants (2 in part A and 12 in parts B and C) completed at least 12 months of follow-up and were included in the analyses.
Why it matters
This small, short-term study tested a stem cell-derived islet infusion in 14 people with type 1 diabetes and found that most no longer needed insulin, but it was not a study of Alzheimer's disease treatment or prevention. One participant died of severe dementia with agitation related to preexisting neurocognitive impairment, which was reported as a death in the study rather than a dementia outcome being tested.
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We evaluated 62 Automated speech analysis demonstrated high accuracy in differentiating FTD subtypes and provided insights into the neural basis of language impairments.
Why it matters
In 62 people, automated speech analysis differentiated subtypes of frontotemporal dementia with high accuracy and offered clues about language impairments. This is a small cross-sectional diagnostic study, not a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Regular voluntary exercise has been shown to increase waste transport through the glymphatic system in mice.
Why it matters
In healthy volunteers, 12 weeks of long-term exercise increased putative glymphatic influx at the putamen and increased putative meningeal lymphatic vessel size and flow, alongside changes in inflammation- and immune-related plasma proteins. The results suggest increased glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic flow as a possible mechanism for exercise's neuroprotective effects on cognition, but this was a small imaging study in healthy volunteers and did not test whether exercise prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease shaped by genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome.
Why it matters
This study is about gut microbiome and metabolome patterns linked to impaired glucose control and type 2 diabetes, not about Alzheimer's disease. It provides no information relevant to treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Minimally invasive biomarkers are urgently needed to detect molecular pathology in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are currently defined by their clinical features, with α-synuclein pathology as the gold standard to establish the definitive diagnosis.
Why it matters
This paper proposes redefining Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as neuronal α-synuclein disease using a biological staging system for research. It is a proposed research framework and does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Of 40 included participants (mean [SD] age at death, 88 [8] years; 21 [52%] male), 19 had early-stage dementia with Braak stages III to IV, 13 had resilient brains with similar Braak stages III to IV, and 8 had no dementia (Braak stages 0-II).
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional autopsy study, brains from people who had dementia showed more loss of synapses and more engulfment of synapses by microglia than brains from people who stayed cognitively resilient despite similar Alzheimer's pathology. This suggests a possible target for early intervention, but it is an observation after death and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Inflammatory protein biomarkers induced by immune responses have been associated with cognitive decline and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study investigated associations between a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function and incident dementia in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. It is observational, so it cannot prove that reducing inflammation would prevent or treat dementia.
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Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with lower increase in pPD probability over time and lower possible/probable pPD and PD/DLB incidence in older Mediterranean people.
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Gonadal development is a complex process that involves sex determination followed by divergent maturation into either testes or ovaries 1 .
Why it matters
This study maps human gonadal development and is unrelated to Alzheimer's disease. It provides no information on treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's.
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62/100
Comparisons of ADNC in typical amnestic versus atypical aphasic dementia and of TDP in type A versus type C revealed fundamental biological and clinical differences, suggesting that members of each pair may constitute distinct clinicopathologic entities despite identical downstream proteinopathies.
Why it matters
Comparing Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change in typical amnestic versus atypical aphasic dementia, and TDP in type A versus type C, revealed fundamental biological and clinical differences suggesting each pair may be distinct clinicopathologic entities despite identical downstream proteinopathies. This is a longitudinal neuropathological study and reports no treatment, cure or prevention.
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Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems that afflict our planet and one of the greatest risk factors for human health.
Why it matters
This review of 20 studies reports that exposure to PM 2.5, the fine particles in air pollution, has been associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis and vascular dementia. The authors describe how particles may reach the brain through the nose and promote neuroinflammation, but say the exact mechanisms remain unclear and more research is needed.
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The objective of this study was to investigate whether increased NLR in older adults is independently associated with the risk of subsequent dementia.
Why it matters
This study examined whether a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in older adults is linked to later dementia risk. The ratio is a proxy of neutrophil-mediated inflammation, which is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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62/100
In Alzheimer's disease, post-mortem studies have shown that the first cortical site where neurofibrillary tangles appear is the transentorhinal region, a subregion within the medial temporal lobe that largely overlaps with Brodmann area 35, and the entorhinal cortex.
Why it matters
Using tau-PET imaging in 383 participants, this study found that tau accumulation begins in the entorhinal cortex and Brodmann area 35 before spreading to the hippocampus and other regions. In cognitively unimpaired people, higher tau was related to local atrophy in these early regions, helping map the sequence of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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New consensus diagnostic criteria for TES were developed with a primary goal of facilitating future CTE research.
Why it matters
This consensus effort developed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, the clinical disorder associated with neuropathologically diagnosed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The criteria require substantial exposure to repetitive head impacts, core clinical features, a progressive course, and that features are not fully accounted for by other conditions, so this concerns diagnosis rather than treatment, cure or prevention.
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Of 60 patients with PSP, 40 (66.7%) had RS (22 men [55.0%]; mean [SD] age, 71 [6] years; mean [SD] PSP rating scale score, 38 [15]; score range, 13-71) and 20 (33.3%) had PSP-non-RS (11 men [55.0%]; mean [SD] age, 71 [9] years; mean [SD] PSP rating scale score, 24 [11]; score range, 11-41).
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The Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (i.e. ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
In a longitudinal study, higher CSF sTREM2 attenuated the link between ApoE4 and future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This is an observational finding and does not yet show a treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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62/100
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of stroke and dementia, but its genetic basis is incompletely understood.
Why it matters
This genetic study of MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease identified 31 genetic loci, 21 of which were previously unreported. It aims to better understand disease pathophysiology, so it does not yet provide a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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62/100
Both AD and TDP/HS contribute to hippocampal volume loss in older-old persons, with TDP/HS more strongly associated with hippocampal volume than AD in Alzheimer dementia.
Why it matters
In this autopsy cohort of older adults, both Alzheimer disease pathology and TDP-43 with hippocampal sclerosis contributed to hippocampal volume loss, with TDP/HS more strongly linked in those with Alzheimer dementia. This helps explain what drives brain shrinkage but does not provide a treatment, cure or prevention.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are associated with loss of nuclear transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43).
Why it matters
In ALS and frontotemporal dementia, the protein TDP-43 is lost from the cell nucleus, and this study found that without it neurons make a cut-short, non-working copy of the message for stathmin-2, a protein tied to nerve growth. Reduced stathmin-2 turned up in motor neurons from people with sporadic ALS and with C9orf72-linked ALS. In lab-grown motor neurons, restoring stathmin-2 brought back the ability of nerve fibres to regrow; the authors call the loss "a hallmark of ALS-FTD", but this rescue was shown only in cells in a dish, not in patients.
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Of the reference regions used, subcortical white matter, cerebellar white matter, and the pons, alone or in combination, generated the largest effect sizes.
Why it matters
This analysis of the PRIME study of aducanumab found that dose- and time-dependent reductions in amyloid PET signal occurred only in cortical regions prone to amyloid plaque deposition, regardless of which reference region was used. It supports the idea that the PET changes reflect specific reductions in amyloid burden, but it does not report clinical benefit.
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Neuroinflammation in the form of microglial activation is present in synucleinopathies and is a potential therapeutic target to halt or delay the neurodegenerative process.
Why it matters
This case-control PET study investigated whether neuroinflammation is present in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder, a condition that often precedes synucleinopathies. It reports no treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta amyloid 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) as potential diagnostic biomarkers for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and to assess their utility indistinguishing patients with iNPH from those with Alzheimer disease (AD) and healthy normal controls.
Why it matters
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42, total tau, and p-tau can help distinguish idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. It is about diagnostic biomarkers, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Each PPA clinical variant is associated with a typical and most frequent cognitive, neuroimaging, and neuropathological profile.
Why it matters
In 69 patients with primary progressive aphasia, each language variant was usually linked to one underlying pathology, and all 11 with the logopenic variant had Alzheimer's disease pathology. This helps predict what pathology a living patient may have, but it does not test any treatment or cure.
From across this topic
10 of the 4,748 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Engagement of TREM2 by a novel monoclonal antibody induces activation of microglia and improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models
- Risk factors associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an N3C and NIH RECOVER study
- Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Phosphorated Tau 181 Association with Presynaptic Density-Dependent Tau Pathology at 18F-SynVesT-1 Brain PET Imaging
- Blood β-synuclein is related to amyloid PET positivity in memory clinic patients
- Beta-amyloid-induced dynamin 1 depletion in hippocampal neurons. A potential mechanism for early cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease
- Cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 is higher in Alzheimer disease and associated with mutation status
- Stress Granule Assembly Disrupts Nucleocytoplasmic Transport
- Aberrant crosstalk between insulin signaling and mTOR in young Down syndrome individuals revealed by neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles
- Genome-wide prediction of imprinted murine genes
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in delirium and encephalopathies: a neuroprotective scoping review