Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. Mediterranean Diet in Preventing Neurodegenerative Diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Current nutrition reports 2018-03 Prevention and risk

    We reviewed the most recent literature examining the associations between the Mediterranean-style diet (MD), neurodegenerative diseases, and markers and mechanisms of neurodegeneration.

  2. Therapeutic potential of spinal GLP-1 receptor signaling

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Peptides 2018-01-09 Drug development

    GLP-1 signaling pathway has been well studied for its role in regulating glucose homeostasis, as well as its beneficial effects in energy and nutrient metabolism.

  3. Metabolic Syndrome and Its Effect on the Brain: Possible Mechanism

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets 2018 Risk factors

    In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanisms which may relate the association between MetS and cognitive decline which include vascular damages, elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation.

  4. Nutrition and Ageing

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Sub-cellular biochemistry 2018 Prevention and risk

    The ageing trajectory is plastic and can be slowed down by lifestyle factors, including good nutrition, adequate physical activity and avoidance of smoking.

  5. Obstructive sleep apnoea and Alzheimer's disease: In search of shared pathomechanisms

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2017-12-07 Risk factors

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant public health concern.

  6. Microbiota-Brain-Gut Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2017-10-17 Disease mechanisms

    The purposes of this review were as follows: first, to provide an overview of the gut microbiota and its interactions with the gut and the central nervous system (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) in health, second, to review the relevance of this axis to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, and, finally, to assess the potential for microbiota-targeted therapies.

  7. Sleep and hippocampal neurogenesis: Implications for Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 2017-02-27 Risk factors

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and currently there are no effective disease-modifying treatments available.

  8. Metabolic Syndrome and the Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Progress in molecular biology and translational science 2017-02-04 Risk factors

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive dysfunction and progressive neurodegeneration.

  9. Tunicamycin impairs olfactory learning and synaptic plasticity in the olfactory bulb

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Neuroscience 2017-01-11 Disease mechanisms

    Tunicamycin (TM) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibits N-glycosylation in cells.

  10. Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and nervous system injury: Epidemiological correlates

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 2017-01-10 Risk factors

    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common and complex disorder combining hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.

  11. Linking mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and stress signaling in Neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 2016-06-21 Risk factors

    Mounting evidence suggests a link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs).

  12. Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of incretin receptor agonists showing promise as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapeutics

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Biochemical pharmacology 2020-08-02 Drug development

    Among the more promising treatments proposed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are those reducing brain insulin resistance.

  13. The Microbiome as a Modifier of Neurodegenerative Disease Risk

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Cell host & microbe 2020-08-01 Disease mechanisms

    The gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in modifying susceptibility to and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs).

  14. Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Nature reviews. Drug discovery 2020-07-24 Disease mechanisms

    The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

  15. Microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and disease: Is NLRP3 inflammasome at the crossroads of microbiota-gut-brain communications?

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Progress in neurobiology 2020-05-28 Disease mechanisms

    Growing evidence highlights the relevance of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the maintenance of brain homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of major neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).

  16. Brain insulin resistance: role in neurodegenerative disease and potential for targeting

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 2020-03-16 Drug development

    This review evaluates the novel strategy of treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) withdrugs that initially have been developed to treat type 2 diabetes.

  17. New mechanism of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome mediated by gut microbiota

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2020-02-04 Disease mechanisms

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central degenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment.

  18. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lipopolysaccharide as Mediators Between Gut Dysbiosis and Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2020-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    We report a novel association between gut microbiota-related products and systemic inflammation with brain amyloidosis via endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that SCFAs and LPS represent candidate pathophysiologic links between the gut microbiota and AD pathology.

  19. Effect of Clostridium butyricum against Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease via Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Butyrate

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Molecular nutrition & food research 2019-12-23 Disease mechanisms

    Scope Recent evidences demonstrate that abnormal gut microbiota (GM) might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  20. Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: A Nutritional Toxicology Perspective of the Impact of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Nutrigenomics and Environmental Chemicals

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2019-12-12 Risk factors

    These innovations can be benchmarked on firm understanding of nutrigenomics and the personalized management of individuals at risk.

  21. GIP has neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease models

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Peptides 2019-11-06 Drug development

    Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone of the incretin family.

  22. Aloe-emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Phytotherapy research : PTR 2019-11-03 Disease mechanisms

    Aloe-emodin is a naturally anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese herbs, such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L., Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

  23. Pharmaceutical strategies of improving oral systemic bioavailability of curcumin for clinical application

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 2019-11-02 Disease mechanisms

    Curcumin (Cur), a natural compound from Curcuma longa Linn, has various of pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-microbial and more.

  24. Exercise, diet and stress as modulators of gut microbiota: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Neurobiology of disease 2019-10-16 Disease mechanisms

    The last decade has witnessed an exponentially growing interest in gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis in health and disease.

  25. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Physiological reviews 2019-10-01 Risk factors

    The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated.

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