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40/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Cognitive tests and assessment

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Abstract Aim To compare the psychometric properties, pragmatic screening cut‐offs, and feasibility of two Clock Drawing Test (CDT) formats in older psychiatric outpatients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 447 outpatients aged ≥65 years who completed the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised (HDS‐R), and two CDT formats scored using the Freedman method: a free‐drawn clock (CDT1) and an examiner‐provided clock face (CDT2). Pearson correlations, forced‐entry multiple regression models, exploratory factor analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used. Possible cognitive impairment was operationally defined as MMSE ≤ 23 and/or HDS‐R ≤ 20. Administration time was summarized in a convenience subsample ( n = 20). Results Mean (SD) age was 80.20 (5.15) years, and mean education was 11.74 (2.36) years. CDT totals correlated positively with MMSE and HDS‐R totals ( r = 0.47–0.58, all p < 0.01). Education, functional disability, CDT1, and CDT2 predicted MMSE total, while age additionally predicted HDS‐R total. Both CDT formats showed interpretable two‐factor structures with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.82–0.90). ROC analyses identified the same pragmatic cut‐off (10/11) for both formats (CDT1 area under the curve [AUC] 0.72, 95% CI 0.67–0.77; CDT2 AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.66–0.76). Mean CDT administration time was 2.13 min. Conclusion Both CDT formats showed clinically useful psychometric properties and similar pragmatic cut‐offs in older psychiatric outpatients. CDT1 favored sensitivity, and CDT2 favored specificity at the same threshold. The CDT was highly feasible in routine practice, requiring approximately 2 min to administer.

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APA 7th

Hatasaki, T., Sugawara, N., Kawamata, Y., Hasegawa, C., & Yasui‐Furukori, N. (2026). Psychometric properties, pragmatic screening cut‐offs, and feasibility of two Clock Drawing Test formats in older psychiatric outpatients: Associations with MMSE and HDS‐R. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports. https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70351

Vancouver

Hatasaki T, Sugawara N, Kawamata Y, Hasegawa C, Yasui‐Furukori N. Psychometric properties, pragmatic screening cut‐offs, and feasibility of two Clock Drawing Test formats in older psychiatric outpatients: Associations with MMSE and HDS‐R. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports. 2026. doi:10.1002/pcn5.70351. PMID: 42256356.

BibTeX

@article{hatasaki2026-42256356,
  author  = {Hatasaki, Takayo and Sugawara, Norio and Kawamata, Yasushi and Hasegawa, Chie and Yasui‐Furukori, Norio},
  title   = {{Psychometric properties, pragmatic screening cut‐offs, and feasibility of two Clock Drawing Test formats in older psychiatric outpatients: Associations with MMSE and HDS‐R}},
  journal = {Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.1002/pcn5.70351},
  pmid    = {42256356},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/pcn5.70351}
}

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Key findings

Results Mean (SD) age was 80.20 (5.15) years, and mean education was 11.74 (2.36) years.

Why it matters

In this study of 447 older psychiatric outpatients, two Clock Drawing Test formats correlated with MMSE and HDS-R totals and both identified the same screening cut-off. Education, functional disability, and both test formats predicted MMSE total.

Study details

Participants20
Effect sizeAUC 0.71
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 40/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports)
Journal's citation record	0 / 4	Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports: journal h-index 11 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	5 / 5	2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	1 / 4	20 participants
Effect reported	3 / 3	Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 1 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	0 / 5	0.5 citations a year over 2 year(s) since 2026
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 4.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	0 / 4	Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Norio Yasui‐Furukori: h-index 33 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	Dokkyo Medical University: institution h-index 249 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	0 / 3	OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete)
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 42256356)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	40 / 100	—

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