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55/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Prevention and risk

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Dominguez, L. J., Veronese, N., Vernuccio, L., Catanese, G., Inzerillo, F., Salemi, G., et al. (2021). Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114080

Vancouver

Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Vernuccio L, Catanese G, Inzerillo F, Salemi G, et al. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients. 2021. doi:10.3390/nu13114080. PMID: 34836334.

BibTeX

@article{dominguez2021-34836334,
  author  = {Dominguez, L. J. and Veronese, N. and Vernuccio, L. and Catanese, G. and Inzerillo, F. and Salemi, G. and Barbagallo, M.},
  title   = {{Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia}},
  journal = {Nutrients},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.3390/nu13114080},
  pmid    = {34836334},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114080}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: this is a narrative review. It summarises a field without a fixed search method, so it shows how authors read the evidence rather than measuring it. Use it to find the primary studies, not as a result in itself.
Size: the record gives no participant count. Look for one in the original before trusting a pattern.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results.

Why it matters

This review examines diet, physical activity, sleep, and social engagement as factors in preventing or delaying age-related cognitive decline and dementia, noting that results across studies have been mixed. It emphasizes prevention because no effective pharmaceutical therapies currently exist to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Prevention →

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 55/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Nutrients)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	Nutrients: journal h-index 331 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	3 / 5	2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	6 / 7	Cited 434 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	5 / 5	62.0 citations a year over 7 year(s) since 2021
Impact for its field and year	5 / 6	Cited 38.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	3 / 6	Cited by 10 other studies in this library
Still being cited	4 / 4	Cited 328 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Mario Barbagallo: h-index 65 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	University of Palermo: institution h-index 473 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34836334)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	55 / 100	—

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