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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heneka MT, van der Flier WM, Jessen F, Hoozemanns J, Thal DR, Boche D, Brosseron F, Teunissen C et al.. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2024-12-09
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing disease of our time. Multiple lines of information provided by experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological and genetic studies suggest a pathological role for innate and adaptive immune activation in this disease. Here, we review the cell types and pathological mechanisms involved in disease development as well as the influence of genetics and lifestyle factors.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Heneka, M. T., van der Flier, W. M., Jessen, F., Hoozemanns, J., Thal, D. R., Boche, D., et al. (2025). Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nature reviews. Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7
Vancouver
Heneka MT, van der Flier WM, Jessen F, Hoozemanns J, Thal DR, Boche D, et al. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nature reviews. Immunology. 2025. doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7. PMID: 39653749.
BibTeX
@article{heneka2025-39653749,
author = {Heneka, M. T. and van der Flier, W. M. and Jessen, F. and Hoozemanns, J. and Thal, D. R. and Boche, D. and Brosseron, F. and Teunissen, C. and others},
title = {{Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease}},
journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7},
pmid = {39653749},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Multiple lines of information provided by experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological and genetic studies suggest a pathological role for innate and adaptive immune activation in this disease.
- Here, we review the cell types and pathological mechanisms involved in disease development as well as the influence of genetics and lifestyle factors.
- Given the decade-long preclinical stage of Alzheimer disease, these mechanisms and their interactions are driving forces behind the spread and progression of the disease.
- The identification of treatment opportunities will require a precise understanding of the cells and mechanisms involved as well as a clear definition of their temporal and topographical nature.
Why it matters
This review states that immune processes appear to play a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease, based on experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological and genetic evidence. It reports no treatment, cure or prevention and describes mechanisms rather than tested therapies.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 59/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Nature reviews. Immunology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Nature reviews. Immunology: journal h-index 570 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 562 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 5 / 5 | 187.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 6 / 6 | Cited 47.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 22 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 4 / 4 | Cited 562 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 1 / 4 | Last-listed author Sean‐Patrick Riechers: h-index 11 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 3 / 3 | Harvard University: institution h-index 3,235 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 3 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 78 institution(s) in 14 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39653749) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 59 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7
- PubMed: 39653749
- Original source →
- Free full text: Pure Amsterdam UMC →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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