This page is alzhub.org's plain-English summary of a published study, not the paper itself. It is generated from the record we hold for this study, sourced and linked below — check the original for the full text and methods.

45/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Disease mechanisms

Topic: Gut, metabolism and diet

Plain-language summary

pAD patients showed intestinal inflammation, an altered GM profile, blood changes in the tryptophan metabolism, and reduced glutamate levels compared with HC (p-value < 0.049). Probiotic supplementation partially modulated these alterations, determining a reduction in several pro-inflammatory mediators, and an increase of GM-related protective factors, such as butyrate (p-value < 0.040) in pAD. These findings confirmed the presence of MGBA alterations in AD and suggested a potential beneficial effect of probiotic supplementation through modulation of GM functionality rather than composition. Further research is required to confirm these results and their clinical relevance.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Marizzoni, M., Mombelli, E., Alboni, S., Rosa, M., Moretti, D. V., Mirabelli, P., et al. (2026). Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its modulation through probiotic supplementation. Brain, behavior, and immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106138

Vancouver

Marizzoni M, Mombelli E, Alboni S, Rosa M, Moretti DV, Mirabelli P, et al. Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its modulation through probiotic supplementation. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2026. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106138. PMID: 41093142.

BibTeX

@article{marizzoni2026-41093142,
  author  = {Marizzoni, Moira and Mombelli, Elisa and Alboni, Silvia and Rosa, Melissa and Moretti, Davide Vito and Mirabelli, Peppino and Coppola, Luigi and Luongo, Delia and others},
  title   = {{Microbiota-gut-brain axis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its modulation through probiotic supplementation}},
  journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106138},
  pmid    = {41093142},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106138}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: our record does not state a study design, so check the methods section of the original before weighing the result.
Size: the record gives no participant count. Look for one in the original before trusting a pattern.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

New to reading papers? Six questions to ask of any Alzheimer’s study · how we score.

Key findings

pAD patients showed intestinal inflammation, an altered GM profile, blood changes in the tryptophan metabolism, and reduced glutamate levels compared with HC (p-value < 0.049).
Probiotic supplementation partially modulated these alterations, determining a reduction in several pro-inflammatory mediators, and an increase of GM-related protective factors, such as butyrate (p-value < 0.040) in pAD.
These findings confirmed the presence of MGBA alterations in AD and suggested a potential beneficial effect of probiotic supplementation through modulation of GM functionality rather than composition.
Further research is required to confirm these results and their clinical relevance.

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 45/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 25 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Brain, behavior, and immunity)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	5 / 5	2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	— / 7	No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score
Citations per year	— / 5	No citation count or no year — left out of this score
Impact for its field and year	— / 6	No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score
Cited by studies here	— / 6	Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score
Still being cited	— / 4	No yearly citation counts — left out of this score
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	— / 3	No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multicenter collaboration	— / 3	Institutions not listed — left out of this score
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41093142)
Free to read	— / 2	Access not recorded — left out of this score
Points	25 / 56	Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 25 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100.
Total	45 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.

Studies in the library that share something with this one. The line above each title says what.

Related studies in Disease mechanisms from nearby years

Also tagged “dysbiosis”

173 studies in the library carry the topic tag “dysbiosis”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 173 tagged studies.

Studies sharing this one's topic tags

Similar studies

More on Disease mechanisms

See all studies in Disease mechanisms →