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The Effects of Dietary Intervention and Macrophage-Activating Factor Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Elderly Users of Outpatient Rehabilitation
Uchiyama-Tanaka Y, Yamakage H, Inui T.. Nutrients, 2024-06-28
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Background Age, genetic, and environmental factors are noted to contribute to dementia risk. Neuroplasticity, protection from degeneration and cell death, and early intervention are desirable for preventing dementia. The linkage between neurons and microglia has been a research focus. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary modification (a reduction in advanced glycation end products [AGEs]) and macrophage-activating factor (MAF; a macrophage regulator) supplementation on cognitive function in elderly participants undergoing rehabilitation. Methods Participants were older than 60 years of age and had been attending a daycare rehabilitation facility for at least three months without cognitive dysfunction, severe anemia, terminal cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The exercise protocol at the rehabilitation facility was not changed during the study period. Forty-three participates were randomly divided into three groups: a control group receiving placebo, a group receiving dietary guidance, and a group receiving dietary guidance and MAF supplementation. The amyloid-β40/42 ratio, dietary AGE intake, plasma AGE levels, dietary caloric intake, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) screen test were evaluated. Results Four participants withdrew from the study. MCI screening scores significantly improved in the MAF supplementation group, especially after 6 months. Dietary modulation was also more effective than placebo at improving cognitive function after 12 months. Only the control group exhibited significantly increased plasma AGEs while the dietary modulation and MAF supplementation groups showed no change in plasma AGEs after 12 months. Conclusions MAF supplementation improved cognitive function, especially after 6 months, in elderly people undergoing rehabilitation. Dietary modulation was also effective for improving cognitive function after 12 months compared to that in the control group. It was difficult to supervise meals during dietary guidance at the daycare service. However, simple guidance could show improvements in cognitive function through diet.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Uchiyama-Tanaka, Y., Yamakage, H., & Inui, T. (2024). The Effects of Dietary Intervention and Macrophage-Activating Factor Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Elderly Users of Outpatient Rehabilitation. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132078
Vancouver
Uchiyama-Tanaka Y, Yamakage H, Inui T. The Effects of Dietary Intervention and Macrophage-Activating Factor Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Elderly Users of Outpatient Rehabilitation. Nutrients. 2024. doi:10.3390/nu16132078. PMID: 38999825.
BibTeX
@article{uchiyamatanaka2024-38999825,
author = {Uchiyama-Tanaka, Y. and Yamakage, H. and Inui, T.},
title = {{The Effects of Dietary Intervention and Macrophage-Activating Factor Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Elderly Users of Outpatient Rehabilitation}},
journal = {Nutrients},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.3390/nu16132078},
pmid = {38999825},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132078}
}
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Key findings
- Results Four participants withdrew from the study.
- MCI screening scores significantly improved in the MAF supplementation group, especially after 6 months.
- Only the control group exhibited significantly increased plasma AGEs while the dietary modulation and MAF supplementation groups showed no change in plasma AGEs after 12 months.
- Dietary modulation was also effective for improving cognitive function after 12 months compared to that in the control group.
Why it matters
In a randomized trial, forty-three older adults in daycare rehabilitation without cognitive problems received placebo, dietary guidance to cut advanced glycation end products (AGEs), or dietary guidance plus macrophage-activating factor (MAF) supplements. Scores on a mild cognitive impairment screen improved significantly with MAF, especially after 6 months, and diet change beat placebo after 12 months. The authors conclude these simple steps may help cognition, though supervising meals during dietary guidance was difficult.
Study details
- Study designrandomized controlled trial
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 53/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a randomised controlled trial. Scored zero for sample size and effect reported because the record does not state it. We have no data on institution's track record, so that was left out: it earned 51 of the 97 points we could judge it on, which is 53 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Nutrients) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Nutrients: journal h-index 331 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 11 / 12 | A randomised controlled trial |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (pubmed indexes it as a clinical or observational study) |
| Randomised / blinded | 1 / 2 | Randomised (as stated in the record) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 4 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 1.0 citations a year over 4 year(s) since 2024 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 4 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Toshio Inui: h-index 21 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 0 institution(s) in 0 countries — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 38999825) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 51 / 97 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 51 of the 97 points we could judge it on is 53 out of 100. |
| Total | 53 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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