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Hierarchical-circular model of biological memory: a multilevel hypothesis for pathogenesis and allostatic integrity in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Samuel Ruesga Mundo. Frontiers in Dementia, 2026-06-24
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
The Hierarchical-Circular Model of Biological Memory offers a unifying hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias that bridges genetic, epigenetic, physiological, neuroimmune, and interoceptive processes across the lifespan. By reframing dementias as failures of biological memory and allostatic integrity, the model provides a conceptual roadmap for mechanistic research, multidomain prevention, and personalized treatment strategies.
Key findings
- The Hierarchical-Circular Model of Biological Memory offers a unifying hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias that bridges genetic, epigenetic, physiological, neuroimmune, and interoceptive processes across the lifespan.
- By reframing dementias as failures of biological memory and allostatic integrity, the model provides a conceptual roadmap for mechanistic research, multidomain prevention, and personalized treatment strategies.
Why it matters
This is a conceptual hypothesis, not a test of any treatment, so it does not show that anything cures or prevents Alzheimer's disease. It proposes a framework to guide future research into prevention and personalized treatment.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Prevention →
Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in Dementia) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Frontiers in Dementia: journal h-index 13 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 3 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 1.5 citations a year over 2 year(s) since 2026 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 14.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 3 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 0 / 4 | Last-listed author Samuel Ruesga Mundo: h-index 2 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Mexican Social Security Institute: institution h-index 266 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 42422549) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2026.1841647
- PubMed: 42422549
- Original source →
- Free full text: Frontiers in Dementia →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Mundo, S. R. (2026). Hierarchical-circular model of biological memory: a multilevel hypothesis for pathogenesis and allostatic integrity in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Frontiers in Dementia. https://doi.org/10.3389/frdem.2026.1841647
Vancouver
Mundo SR. Hierarchical-circular model of biological memory: a multilevel hypothesis for pathogenesis and allostatic integrity in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Frontiers in Dementia. 2026. doi:10.3389/frdem.2026.1841647. PMID: 42422549.
BibTeX
@article{mundo2026-42422549,
author = {Mundo, Samuel Ruesga},
title = {{Hierarchical-circular model of biological memory: a multilevel hypothesis for pathogenesis and allostatic integrity in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias}},
journal = {Frontiers in Dementia},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3389/frdem.2026.1841647},
pmid = {42422549},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frdem.2026.1841647}
}
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.