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Comparative Study of Risk Factors Associated with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment in Rural West Elderly Texans
Hafiz Mohammad Rafiqullah Khan, Fardous Farhana, Fahad B. Mostafa, Aamrin Rafiq, Effat Walia Nizia, Refaya Razzaq, Rumana Atique, Megan Dauenhauer et al.. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, 2024-01-09
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Summary statistics were obtained for sociodemographic and chronic diseases by using cross-tabulation analysis and comparing the county respondents with proportion tests. A univariate binary logistic regression method was utilized and found that age group 60–69, anxiety, depression, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Using a multivariable logistic regression approach, it was found that Bailey County (age group 60–69) had a higher likelihood ( p = 0.002) of cognitive impairment than Parmer ( p = 0.067) and Cochran counties ( p = 0.064). The risk of females ( p = 0.033) in Parmer County was 78.3% lower compared to males in developing AD. Identifying significant risk factors for cognitive impairment are important in addressing issues of geographic variations and integrating such factors may guide relevant policy interventions to reduce cognitive impairment incidence in rural communities within West Texas.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Khan, H. M. R., Farhana, F., Mostafa, F. B., Rafiq, A., Nizia, E. W., Razzaq, R., et al. (2024). Comparative Study of Risk Factors Associated with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment in Rural West Elderly Texans. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports. https://doi.org/10.3233/adr-240092
Vancouver
Khan HMR, Farhana F, Mostafa FB, Rafiq A, Nizia EW, Razzaq R, et al. Comparative Study of Risk Factors Associated with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment in Rural West Elderly Texans. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports. 2024. doi:10.3233/adr-240092. PMID: 39247876.
BibTeX
@article{khan2024-39247876,
author = {Khan, Hafiz Mohammad Rafiqullah and Farhana, Fardous and Mostafa, Fahad B. and Rafiq, Aamrin and Nizia, Effat Walia and Razzaq, Refaya and Atique, Rumana and Dauenhauer, Megan and others},
title = {{Comparative Study of Risk Factors Associated with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment in Rural West Elderly Texans}},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.3233/adr-240092},
pmid = {39247876},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/adr-240092}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Summary statistics were obtained for sociodemographic and chronic diseases by using cross-tabulation analysis and comparing the county respondents with proportion tests.
- A univariate binary logistic regression method was utilized and found that age group 60–69, anxiety, depression, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with cognitive impairment.
- Using a multivariable logistic regression approach, it was found that Bailey County (age group 60–69) had a higher likelihood ( p = 0.002) of cognitive impairment than Parmer ( p = 0.067) and Cochran counties ( p = 0.064).
- The risk of females ( p = 0.033) in Parmer County was 78.3% lower compared to males in developing AD.
- Identifying significant risk factors for cognitive impairment are important in addressing issues of geographic variations and integrating such factors may guide relevant policy interventions to reduce cognitive impairment incidence in rural communities within West Texas.
Why it matters
In rural West Texas, factors including age 60-69, anxiety, depression, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were linked to cognitive impairment, with some differences between counties and between men and women. These are associations only, so the study cannot show that managing these conditions would prevent cognitive impairment.
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Study details
- Effect size78.3%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 34/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports: journal h-index 40 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.5 citations a year over 4 year(s) since 2024 |
| Impact for its field and year | 1 / 6 | Cited 0.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author P. Hemachandra Reddy: h-index 97 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Texas Tech University: institution h-index 686 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39247876) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 34 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.3233/adr-240092
- PubMed: 39247876
- Original source →
- Free full text: Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.
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