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Cerebral small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis: Similarities and differences
Radiy Germanovich Esin, E. A. Gorobets, E. F. Sharafeev, A. I. Mashtakova. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, 2025-08-08
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
At the end of the last century, it was realized that not only damage to the gray matter of the brain causes cognitive decline, but also damage to the white matter can lead to a decrease in cognitive abilities of high severity, up to dementia. Modern neuroimaging has played a crucial role in the recognition of white matter pathology and its association with cognitive impairment. There are over 100 disorders (genetic and acquired) in which white matter dysfunction can potentially cause or contribute to dementia. The most common diseases of the white matter which predict cognitive impairment (white matter dementia) are cerebral small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis. At first glance, diseases have various triggering and pathogenetic factors. But modern science finds significant similarities between “purely vascular” and immune-mediated diseases. This paper provides a review of literature from the databases eLibrary.Ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar with the key terms “cognitive impairment”, “dementia”, “white matter diseases”, “cerebral small vessel disease”, “multiple sclerosis”. It has now been established that inflammation is an integral factor in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease, and the vascular factor is a constant participant in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. These diseases may have similarities in clinical manifestation and neuroimaging. The review analyzes the available data on the coincidences and differences in the clinical picture and instrumental diagnosis of these diseases, which will allow for targeted prevention of disease progression and cognitive decline.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Esin, R. G., Gorobets, E. A., Sharafeev, E. F., & Mashtakova, A. I. (2025). Cerebral small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis: Similarities and differences. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2025-222
Vancouver
Esin RG, Gorobets EA, Sharafeev EF, Mashtakova AI. Cerebral small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis: Similarities and differences. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2025. doi:10.21518/ms2025-222.
BibTeX
@article{esin2025-cb1ecc9a,
author = {Esin, Radiy Germanovich and Gorobets, E. A. and Sharafeev, E. F. and Mashtakova, A. I.},
title = {{Cerebral small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis: Similarities and differences}},
journal = {Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.21518/ms2025-222},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2025-222}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- But modern science finds significant similarities between “purely vascular” and immune-mediated diseases.
Why it matters
This review compares cerebral small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis, noting that both are white matter diseases that can predict cognitive impairment and that they share features such as inflammation and vascular factors. It does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 29/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 28 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 29 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council: journal h-index 18 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 1 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 1 / 6 | Cited 0.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | OpenAlex's profile for last-listed author A. I. Mashtakova holds only 7 work(s), too few to judge a track record — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Kazan Federal University: institution h-index 208 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 28 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 28 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 29 out of 100. |
| Total | 29 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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