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50/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. How common it is

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Plain-language summary

We assessed 452,718 patients (mean age: 67.16 years). Traumatic brain injury was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia progression (hazard ratio = 1.252, 95 % confidence interval: 1.206-1.301), particularly among patients aged <65 years (hazard ratio = 1.560, 95 % confidence interval: 1.391-1.749), and was linked to a higher risk of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia following Alzheimer's disease dementia diagnosis (hazard ratio = 1.300, 95 % confidence interval: 1.181-1.431). Our results underscore the importance of traumatic brain injury prevention in patients with mild cognitive impairment for mitigating the progression and neuropsychiatric complications of Alzheimer's disease.

What this study adds

Evidence grade: Moderate

This is a follow-up (cohort) study of 452,718 participants. This retrospective cohort study found that traumatic brain injury was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia progression and a higher risk of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia following diagnosis. It underscores the importance of traumatic brain injury prevention in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Kim, H., Park, S., Kim, S.-W., Jin, Y., Lee, H., Hong, J. Y., et al. (2025). Associations between traumatic brain injury and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A retrospective cohort study. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100360

Vancouver

Kim H, Park S, Kim S.-W, Jin Y, Lee H, Hong JY, et al. Associations between traumatic brain injury and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A retrospective cohort study. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100360. PMID: 40883139.

BibTeX

@article{kim2025-40883139,
  author  = {Kim, Han‐Kyeol and Park, Sojeong and Kim, Sung-Woo and Jin, Yeonju and Lee, Hokyung and Hong, Jin Yong and Hong, Ickpyo and Baek, Min Seok},
  title   = {{Associations between traumatic brain injury and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A retrospective cohort study}},
  journal = {The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100360},
  pmid    = {40883139},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100360}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: this is a follow-up (cohort) study. People are observed over time and not assigned to anything, so an association can reflect other differences between groups. Look at how long follow-up lasted, how many dropped out, and whether the authors adjusted for age, education and other health conditions.
Size: the record lists 452,718 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded moderate. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Moderate means the abstract mentions a cohort, case-control or longitudinal design. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

New to reading papers? Six questions to ask of any Alzheimer’s study · how we score.

Key findings

We assessed 452,718 patients (mean age: 67.16 years).
Traumatic brain injury was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia progression (hazard ratio = 1.252, 95 % confidence interval: 1.206-1.301), particularly among patients aged <65 years (hazard ratio = 1.560, 95 % confidence interval: 1.391-1.749), and was linked to a higher risk of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia following Alzheimer's disease dementia diagnosis (hazard ratio = 1.300, 95 % confidence interval: 1.181-1.431).
Our results underscore the importance of traumatic brain injury prevention in patients with mild cognitive impairment for mitigating the progression and neuropsychiatric complications of Alzheimer's disease.

Why it matters

This retrospective cohort study found that traumatic brain injury was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia progression and a higher risk of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia following diagnosis. It underscores the importance of traumatic brain injury prevention in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Alzheimer's in numbers →

Study details

Study designcohort study
Participants452,718
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 50/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease)
Journal's citation record	0 / 4	The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease: journal h-index 63 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A cohort study following people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	4 / 4	452,718 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 3 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	1 / 5	1.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	2 / 6	Cited 1.9× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 3 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	1 / 4	Last-listed author Min Seok Baek: h-index 14 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Yonsei University: institution h-index 777 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40883139)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	50 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).

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