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Research

27,780 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–25 of 36 studies in Long-term cohort studies published 2018 (page 1 of 2) · 27,780 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 36 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 13,259 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Long-term cohort studies” covers

Long-term cohort studies — Large groups of people followed for years, tracking who develops dementia and what came before it.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

The effect of APOE and other common genetic variants on the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a community-based cohort study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2018-03-16

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most heritable diseases in elderly people and the most common type of dementia. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 926 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

External validation of four dementia prediction models for use in the general community-dwelling population: a comparative analysis from the Rotterdam Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. European journal of epidemiology 2018-05-08

To systematically review the literature for dementia prediction models for use in the general population and externally validate their performance in a head-to-head comparison. 4 key findings →

Participants: 867 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Systemic and Ocular Determinants of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurements in the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Population

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100. Ophthalmology 2018-04-30

A total of 16 084 European adults from 8 cohort studies (mean age range, 56.9±12.3-82.1±4.2 years) of the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium. 4 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Participants: 16 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of orthostatic hypotension with incident dementia, stroke, and cognitive decline

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2018-07-25

We analyzed data from 11,709 participants without a history of coronary heart disease or stroke who attended the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 4 key findings →

Participants: 11,709 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Better diet quality relates to larger brain tissue volumes: The Rotterdam Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2018-05-16

From the population-based Rotterdam Study, 4,447 participants underwent dietary assessment and brain MRI scanning between 2005 and 2015. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 4,447 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Circulating cortisol and cognitive and structural brain measures: The Framingham Heart Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Neurology 2018-10-24

We evaluated dementia-free Framingham Heart Study (generation 3) participants (mean age 48.5 years, 46.8% men) who underwent cognitive testing for memory, abstract reasoning, visual perception, attention, and executive function (n = 2,231) and brain MRI (n = 2018) to assess total white matter, lobar gray matter, and white matter hyperintensity volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) measures. 4 key findings →

Participants: 2,231 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Severe hypoglycaemia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and brain volumes in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Diabetologia 2018-06-30

We aimed to evaluate the link between severe hypoglycaemia and domain-specific cognitive decline, smaller brain volumes and dementia in adults with type 2 diabetes, which so far has been relatively poorly characterised. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 580 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Vascular risk at younger ages most strongly associates with current and future brain volume

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Neurology 2018-09-19

Given the potential therapeutic effect of vascular disease control timing to reduce dementia risk, we investigated the age-related influences of vascular risk factor burden on brain structure throughout the lifespan. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 2,887 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Molecular properties underlying regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease pathology

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2018-09-01

Amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease specifically affect discrete neuronal systems, but the underlying mechanisms that render some brain regions more vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathology than others remain largely unknown. 4 key findings →

Participants: 76 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

C-Reactive Protein, Plasma Amyloid-β Levels, and Their Interaction With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Stroke 2018-11-01

We hypothesize that CRP (C-reactive protein) is associated with brain structural changes and may interact with amyloid to produce vascular and degenerative damage. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 736 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Development and Validation of a Dementia Risk Prediction Model in the General Population: An Analysis of Three Longitudinal Studies

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. The American journal of psychiatry 2018-12-11

Identification of individuals at high risk of dementia is essential for development of prevention strategies, but reliable tools are lacking for risk stratification in the population. 4 key findings →

Participants: 181 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Factors influencing attrition in 35 Alzheimer's Disease Centers across the USA: a longitudinal examination of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Aging clinical and experimental research 2018-12-10

A lack of understanding of the causes of attrition in longitudinal studies of older adults may lead to higher attrition rates and bias longitudinal study results. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 30,433 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Left lateralized cerebral glucose metabolism declines in amyloid-β positive persons with mild cognitive impairment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. NeuroImage. Clinical 2018-07-17

Previous publications indicate that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) related cortical atrophy may develop in asymmetric patterns, with accentuation of the left hemisphere. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive status in relation to prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2018-05-12

The interplay between midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive function with later life mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (DEM) is not well understood. 4 key findings →

Participants: 5,995 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Leisure-time physical activity sustained since midlife and preservation of cognitive function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2018-10-12

We tested the hypotheses that higher levels of and persistence of midlife leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are associated long-term with lower cognitive decline and less incident dementia. 4 key findings →

Participants: 10,705 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of outdoor air pollution exposure and cognitive function in UK Biobank

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Scientific reports 2018-08-14

Observational studies have shown consistently increased likelihood of dementia or mild cognitive impairment diagnoses in people with higher air pollution exposure history, but evidence has been less consistent for associations with cognitive test performance. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Basal Forebrain Volume, but Not Hippocampal Volume, Is a Predictor of Global Cognitive Decline in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Treated With Cholinesterase Inhibitors

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Frontiers in neurology 2018-08-14

Predicting the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for treatment selection and patient counseling. 4 key findings →

Participants: 124 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

The Revised National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Neuropathology Form-Available Data and New Analyses

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 2018-08-01

Neuropathologic evaluation remains the gold standard for determining the presence and severity of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Traumatic brain injury history is associated with an earlier age of dementia onset in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Neuropsychology 2018-02-01

Data from 2,133 participants with autopsy-confirmed AD (i.e., at least Braak neurofibrillary tangle stages III to VI and CERAD neuritic plaque score moderate to frequent) were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). 4 key findings →

Participants: 194 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau, visinin-like protein-1, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Translational neurodegeneration 2018-09-10

Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL-40) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are newly discovered markers indicating neuronal damage and microglial activation, respectively. 4 key findings →

Participants: 121 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,780 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (61.1% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.3%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,034 records (3.7% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed