alzhub.org
Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Home › Research › Topics › ocular

ocular

151 studies tagged ocular, dated 1986-08-01 to 2026-10-22. Bibliography: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Newest in this topic

  1. Retinal biomarkers and dementia risk: A review of evidence across the 14 Lancet modifiable risk factors for dementia 2026-10-22
  2. Multimodal Retinal Imaging for the Detection of Early Alzheimer’s Disease: Combining Biochemical, Structural, and Vascular Biomarkers 2026-08-17
  3. Electroretinography as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review 2026-07-30

Studies

151 studies carry this tag.

Date range

1986 to 2026

Top journals

  • Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 13
  • Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 7
  • Progress in retinal and eye research 7
  • Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 4
  • Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 4

89 journals in all.

Newest first, then by address. Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0); tap a score to see what makes it up. Tags were assigned automatically from each study's title and summary. The same studies as a filter in the library.

  1. Retinal Oximetry Discovers Novel Biomarkers in Retinal and Brain Diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2017-05-01 Brain scans and imaging

    In diabetic retinopathy, venous oxygen saturation increases and arteriovenous difference decreases.

  2. Visual dysfunction and its correlation with retinal changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Eye (London, England) 2017-03-10 Risk factors

    AimTo evaluate visual dysfunction and its correlation with structural changes in the retina in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPatients with AD (n=24) and controls (n=24) underwent evaluation of visual acuity (VA), color vision (using the Farnsworth and L'Anthony desaturated (D) 15 color tests), and contrast sensitivity vision (CSV; using the Pelli-Robson chart and CSV-1000E test) to measure visual dysfunction.

  3. Retinal thickness in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 72 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2017-01-25 Brain scans and imaging

    Retinal thickness is decreased in AD and MCI patients compared to HC.

  4. Emerging ocular biomarkers of Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 2016-12-19 Brain scans and imaging

    Interest in reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been fuelled by challenges in diagnosing the disease and monitoring disease progression as well as the response to therapy.

  5. The application of retinal fundus camera imaging in dementia: A systematic review

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 71 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2016-12-02 Brain scans and imaging

    Ten studies assessing retinal properties in dementia were included.

  6. The Eye As a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2016-11-17 Brain scans and imaging

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in dementia and eventual death.

  7. The role of optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. International journal of retina and vitreous 2016-10-17 Brain scans and imaging

    The purpose of this article is to review the main findings on OCT in AD patients, to discuss the role of this important diagnostic tool in these patients and how OCT technology may be useful in understanding morphological retinal changes in AD.

  8. Nonvascular retinal imaging markers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2016-10-01 Brain scans and imaging

    The surface area of inclusion bodies increased as a function of cortical amyloid burden.

  9. Ocular indicators of Alzheimer's: exploring disease in the retina

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica 2016-09-19 Brain scans and imaging

    Although historically perceived as a disorder confined to the brain, our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has expanded to include extra-cerebral manifestation, with mounting evidence of abnormalities in the eye.

  10. Optical coherence tomography and neurodegeneration: are eyes the windows to the brain?

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2016-05-09 Brain scans and imaging

    Central nervous system (CNS) pathologies have ocular manifestations due to direct and/or retrograde degeneration of the visual pathways, most often related to a direct injury to the optic nerve, retinal ganglion cells and/or its surrounding cells.

  11. Melanopsin retinal ganglion cell loss in Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2015-12-18 Brain scans and imaging

    We show variable degrees of rest-activity circadian dysfunction in AD patients.

  12. From eyeless to neurological diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Experimental eye research 2015-11-22 Brain scans and imaging

    Age-related cataracts are frequently associated with degenerative changes in the ocular lens including the aggregation of proteins - mainly crystallins, but also other proteins including amyloids (Aβ) leading to the hypothesis that cataracts could be used as "biomarkers" for Alzheimer disease.

  13. Ocular Fundus Photography as a Tool to Study Stroke and Dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Seminars in neurology 2015-10-06 Brain scans and imaging

    Although cerebral small vessel disease has been linked to stroke and dementia, due to limitations of current neuroimaging technology, direct in vivo visualization of changes in the cerebral small vessels (e.g., cerebral arteriolar narrowing, tortuous microvessels, blood-brain barrier damage, capillary microaneurysms) is difficult to achieve.

  14. Ocular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry 2015 Brain scans and imaging

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterised clinically by a progressive decline in executive functions, memory and cognition.

  15. Retinal ganglion cell analysis using high-definition optical coherence tomography in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2015-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Our data strengthens the link between retinal ganglion cell neuronal and optic nerve axonal loss with AD, and suggest that assessment of macular GC-IPL can be a test to detect neuronal injury in early AD and MCI.

  16. Retinal microvasculature in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2014 Brain scans and imaging

    Although cerebral small vessel disease has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the cerebral microcirculation is difficult to visualize directly in vivo.

  17. The vast complexity of primary open angle glaucoma: disease genes, risks, molecular mechanisms and pathobiology

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Progress in retinal and eye research 2013-09-19 Genetics

    Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex progressive optic nerve neuropathy triggered by both environmental and genetic risk factors.

  18. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness in Alzheimer's disease using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2013-09-05 Brain scans and imaging

    These results indicate that RNFL and RNFL+GCL thickness measurements are reduced in AD patients compared with healthy subjects.

  19. Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma: mechanistic similarities and differences

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Journal of glaucoma 2013-06-01 Risk factors

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia.

  20. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society 2013-03-01 Brain scans and imaging

    The aim of this study was to investigate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) without visual impairment using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare the results with healthy controls.

  21. Retinal vascular biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Translational psychiatry 2013-02-26 Brain scans and imaging

    The earliest detectable change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the buildup of amyloid plaque in the brain.

  22. Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Progress in retinal and eye research 2012-05-03 Brain scans and imaging

    We review the cellular and physiological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of blood flow in the retina and choroid in health and disease.

  23. Retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2011-03-31 Brain scans and imaging

    Our data confirm the retinal involvement in AD, as reflected by loss of axons in the optic nerves.

  24. Parallel findings in age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Progress in retinal and eye research 2011-03-25 Brain scans and imaging

    Age is a common risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

  25. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Alzheimer's disease in the eye?

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2011-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several clinical and pathological features with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress and inflammation.

  26. Identification of amyloid plaques in retinas from Alzheimer's patients and noninvasive in vivo optical imaging of retinal plaques in a mouse model

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. NeuroImage 2010-06-13 Brain scans and imaging

    Noninvasive monitoring of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is critical for AD diagnosis and prognosis.

  27. Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease: evidence in optical coherence tomography

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Neuroscience letters 2010-06-08 Brain scans and imaging

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients often have visual disorders which may be due to retinal nerve degenerative changes.

  28. Untreated poor vision: a contributing factor to late-life dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. American journal of epidemiology 2010-02-11 Costs and economics

    Ophthalmologic abnormalities have been described in patients with dementia, but the extent to which poor vision and treatment for visual disorders affect cognitive decline is not well defined.

  29. Visual impairment in Alzheimer's disease: a critical review

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2010-01-01 Risk factors

    Visual impairment is a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  30. Retinal abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2007-05-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Retinal abnormalities in early AD include a specific pattern of RNFL loss, narrow veins, and decreased retinal blood flow in these veins.

  31. Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Neuroscience letters 2007-03-19 Brain scans and imaging

    In Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain lesions are marked by severe neuronal loss and retinal degeneration was previously mentioned in affected patients.

  32. Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Current opinion in ophthalmology 2007-03-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible world vision loss characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death.

  33. Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Nature 2007-01-28 Brain scans and imaging

    In sprouting angiogenesis, specialized endothelial tip cells lead the outgrowth of blood-vessel sprouts towards gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. VEGF-A is also essential for the induction of endothelial tip cells, but it is not known how single tip cells are selected to lead each vessel sprout, and how tip-cell numbers are determined.

  34. Relationship between cognitive impairment and retinal morphological and visual functional abnormalities in Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society 2006-03-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Our study confirms some other studies in showing that in AD patients there is a reduction of parapapillary and macular RNFL thickness and macular volume as measured by OCT.

  35. Real-time imaging of single nerve cell apoptosis in retinal neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004-08-30 Brain scans and imaging

    Apoptotic nerve cell death is implicated in the pathogenesis of several devastating neurodegenerative conditions, including glaucoma and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

  36. Ocular static and dynamic light scattering: a noninvasive diagnostic tool for eye research and clinical practice

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Journal of biomedical optics 2004 Brain scans and imaging

    The noninvasive techniques of static and dynamic light scattering are emerging as valuable diagnostic tools for the early detection of ocular and systemic diseases.

  37. Amyloid-beta is found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas, but not in drusen from normal retinas

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Molecular vision 2003-05-14 Brain scans and imaging

    Abeta was present in 4 of 9 AMD eyes.

  38. A role for local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. American journal of ophthalmology 2002-09-01 Brain scans and imaging

    The results support a role for local inflammation in drusen biogenesis, and suggest that it is analogous to the process that occurs in other age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis, where accumulation of extracellular plaques and deposits elicits a local chronic inflammatory response that exacerbates the effects of primary pathogenic stimuli.

  39. Caspase activation and amyloid precursor protein cleavage in rat ocular hypertension

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2002-04-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Rat RGCs subjected to chronic ocular hypertension demonstrate caspase activation and abnormal processing of APP, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of glaucoma.

  40. High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. European neurology 2002-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    The purpose of the current study was to reveal the occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  41. Morphological and functional retinal impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 2001-10-01 Biomarkers

    Our results suggest that in AD patients, there is a reduction of NFL thickness evaluated in vivo by OCT and this morphological abnormality is related to a retinal dysfunction as revealed by abnormal PERG responses.

  42. Retinal pathology in Alzheimer's disease. I. Ganglion cell loss in foveal/parafoveal retina

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 1996-05-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Morphometric analysis of the numbers of neurons in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the central retina (fovea/foveola/parafoveal retina) in eyes from 9 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 11 age-matched control cases revealed an overall decrease of 25% in total numbers of neurons in AD as compared with control eyes.

  43. Retinal pathology in Alzheimer's disease. II. Regional neuron loss and glial changes in GCL

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 1996-05-01 Biomarkers

    Detailed analyses of neuronal and astrocyte cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of whole-mounted peripheral retinas from 16 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 11 control eyes (11 and 9 cases, respectively) demonstrate extensive neuronal loss throughout the entire retina in AD as compared to control eyes.

  44. Retinal ganglion cells in Alzheimer's disease and aging

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Annals of neurology 1993-03-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell (GC) degeneration are possible explanations for the poor visual function reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  45. Visual impairment and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Journal of general internal medicine 1991-03-01 Risk factors

    Visual impairment is associated with both an increased risk and an increased clinical severity of Alzheimer's disease, but the increased risk may not be consistent with a progressive dose-response relationship.

  46. Visual dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: relation to normal aging

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Annals of neurology 1991-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared with age-matched and young healthy control subjects, visual deficits in the following functions were observed: color, stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity, and backward masking (homogeneous and pattern).

  47. Optic nerve damage in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Ophthalmology 1990-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Optic nerves from ten patients with Alzheimer's disease were histologically examined and compared with those from age-matched controls.

  48. Retinal ganglion cell degeneration in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Brain research 1989-11-01 Brain scans and imaging

    This study documents the light-microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of ganglion cell degeneration in the retinas of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  49. Mechanisms of lower oesophageal sphincter incompetence in patients with symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 84 out of 100. Gut 1988-08-01 Brain scans and imaging

    Visually impaired individuals were more likely to develop incident dementia, with a progressively greater risk among those with worse visual acuity.

  50. Assessment of visual impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. American journal of ophthalmology 1987-08-01 Risk factors

    We examined five patients with Alzheimer's disease who complained of poor vision.

From across this tag

6 of the 151 studies in this tag, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 6. The same 6 appear here every time.

All topic tags with their study counts