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The Eye As a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease
Jeremiah K H Lim, Qiao-Xin Li, Zheng He, Algis J Vingrys, Vickie H Y Wong, Nicolas Currier, Jamie Mullen, Bang V Bui et al.. Frontiers in neuroscience, 2016-11-17
Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in dementia and eventual death. It is the leading cause of dementia and the number of cases are projected to rise in the next few decades. Pathological hallmarks of AD include the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid protein deposition. Currently, these pathological biomarkers are detected either through cerebrospinal fluid analysis, brain imaging or post-mortem. Though effective, these methods are not widely available due to issues such as the difficulty in acquiring samples, lack of infrastructure or high cost. Given that the eye possesses clear optics and shares many neural and vascular similarities to the brain, it offers a direct window to cerebral pathology. These unique characteristics lend itself to being a relatively inexpensive biomarker for AD which carries the potential for wide implementation. The development of ocular biomarkers can have far implications in the discovery of treatments which can improve the quality of lives of patients. In this review, we consider the current evidence for ocular biomarkers in AD and explore potential future avenues of research in this area.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Lim, J. K. H., Li, Q.-X., He, Z., Vingrys, A. J., Wong, V. H. Y., Currier, N., et al. (2016). The Eye As a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00536
Vancouver
Lim JKH, Li Q.-X, He Z, Vingrys AJ, Wong VHY, Currier N, et al. The Eye As a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2016. doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00536. PMID: 27909396.
BibTeX
@article{lim2016-27909396,
author = {Lim, Jeremiah K H and Li, Qiao-Xin and He, Zheng and Vingrys, Algis J and Wong, Vickie H Y and Currier, Nicolas and Mullen, Jamie and Bui, Bang V and others},
title = {{The Eye As a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease}},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2016.00536},
pmid = {27909396},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00536}
}
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Key findings
- Though effective, these methods are not widely available due to issues such as the difficulty in acquiring samples, lack of infrastructure or high cost.
- Given that the eye possesses clear optics and shares many neural and vascular similarities to the brain, it offers a direct window to cerebral pathology.
- These unique characteristics lend itself to being a relatively inexpensive biomarker for AD which carries the potential for wide implementation.
- The development of ocular biomarkers can have far implications in the discovery of treatments which can improve the quality of lives of patients.
- In this review, we consider the current evidence for ocular biomarkers in AD and explore potential future avenues of research in this area.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 38/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 38 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in neuroscience) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2016 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 27909396) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 21 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 38 out of 100. |
| Total | 38 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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