Home › Research › Cognitive tests and assessment
Electroretinography as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review
Junior IOD, Houston KJ, Rodriguez DS, Brothers T, Germain CM.. Research Square, 2026-07-30
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
Conclusion In conclusion, irrespective of ERG modality, ADRD was consistently associated with retinal dysfunction marked by impaired synaptic transmission and delayed neural processing across retinal circuits. These findings indicate both global and localized involvement of photoreceptor, bipolar, and retinal ganglion cell pathways, supporting the potential of ERG as a non-invasive, in vivo biomarker of retinal neurodegeneration. However, the modest and selective associations with cognitive outcomes suggest that ERG alterations, while reflective of underlying neurodegenerative processes, have limited direct correlation with cognitive severity.
Key findings
- Conclusion In conclusion, irrespective of ERG modality, ADRD was consistently associated with retinal dysfunction marked by impaired synaptic transmission and delayed neural processing across retinal circuits.
- These findings indicate both global and localized involvement of photoreceptor, bipolar, and retinal ganglion cell pathways, supporting the potential of ERG as a non-invasive, in vivo biomarker of retinal neurodegeneration.
- However, the modest and selective associations with cognitive outcomes suggest that ERG alterations, while reflective of underlying neurodegenerative processes, have limited direct correlation with cognitive severity.
Study details
- Study designmeta-analysis
- Participants18
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 16/100
Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed. It scored 53 on the same rubric, but non-peer-reviewed sources are capped at 16, so it shows as 16. Scored zero for effect reported because the record does not state it. We have no data on times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 33 of the 62 points we could judge it on, which is 53 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 2 / 10 | Tier 4 — not a peer-reviewed journal (Research Square) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Not a journal article, so the journal's record does not count |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A meta-analysis pooling many studies |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 4 / 10 | Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed. Hosted on a preprint server. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 18 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 33 / 62 | Scored on 12 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 33 of the 62 points we could judge it on is 53 out of 100. |
| Total | 53 / 100 | Capped to 16 because this is not a peer-reviewed article. |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Junior, I. O. D., Houston, K. J., Rodriguez, D. S., Brothers, T., & Germain, C. M. (2026). Electroretinography as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10513623/v1
Vancouver
Junior IOD, Houston KJ, Rodriguez DS, Brothers T, Germain CM. Electroretinography as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review. Research Square. 2026. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10513623/v1.
BibTeX
@article{junior2026-a05254d1,
author = {Junior, I. O. D. and Houston, K. J. and Rodriguez, D. S. and Brothers, T. and Germain, C. M.},
title = {{Electroretinography as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review}},
journal = {Research Square},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-10513623/v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10513623/v1}
}
Related studies in Cognitive tests and assessment
Also tagged “coherence-tomography”
151 studies in the library carry the topic tag “coherence-tomography”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 151 tagged studies.