Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormality (ARIA) Beyond the APOE-ε4 Allele

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Chronic diseases and translational medicine 2025-04-24 Treatments

    Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have made significant progress in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  2. APOE4 impairs macrophage lipophagy and promotes demyelination of spiral ganglion neurons in mouse cochleae

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Cell death discovery 2025-04-21 Genetics

    The ApoE-ε4 gene is a well-established genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, which are characterized by axonal demyelination in the central nervous system.

  3. NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in immunology 2025-04-07 Inflammation and the immune system

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and neuroinflammation, with no definitive cure currently available.

  4. APOE4 impairs autophagy and Aβ clearance by microglial cells

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 2025-04-01 Genetics

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a predominant form of dementia in elderly.

  5. Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathology and neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of neuroinflammation 2025-03-23 TREM2 and immune genetics

    TREM2, a microglia-specific receptor, is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, mediating microglial responses to amyloid pathology critical to AD development.

  6. NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and central nervous system diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Cellular & molecular immunology 2025-03-13 Inflammation and the immune system

    Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

  7. Loss of ATG7 in microglia impairs UPR, triggers ferroptosis, and weakens amyloid pathology control

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. The Journal of experimental medicine 2025-02-13 Disease mechanisms

    Microglia impact brain development, homeostasis, and pathology.

  8. The immunology of stroke and dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Immunity 2025-01-14 Treatments

    Ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment, caused by a sudden arterial occlusion or more subtle but protracted vascular insufficiency, respectively, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with limited therapeutic options.

  9. Endothelial cells as key players in cerebral small vessel disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Nature reviews. Neuroscience 2025-01-02 Vascular contributions

    Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a vascular disorder that increases the risk of stroke and dementia and is diagnosed through brain MRI.

  10. Cerebrovascular-Specific Extracellular Matrix Bioink Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Properties

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Biomaterials research 2024-12-05 Vascular contributions

    Chronic neuroinflammation is a principal cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

  11. Cerebral ischemic injury impairs autophagy and exacerbates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. International immunopharmacology 2024-11-12 Disease mechanisms

    Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  12. APOE from astrocytes restores Alzheimer's Aβ-pathology and DAM-like responses in APOE deficient microglia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. EMBO molecular medicine 2024-11-11 Genetics

    The major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), APOE4, accelerates beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaque formation, but whether this is caused by APOE expressed in microglia or astrocytes is debated.

  13. Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Parkinson's disease brains

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Science translational medicine 2024-10-30 Genetics

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, and recent evidence suggests that pathogenesis may be in part mediated by inflammatory processes, the molecular and cellular architectures of which are largely unknown.

  14. Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2024-10-25 Biomarkers

    Neurovascular unit (NVU) inflammation via activation of glial cells and neuronal damage plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases.

  15. iPSC-derived blood-brain barrier modeling reveals APOE isoform-dependent interactions with amyloid beta

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Fluids and barriers of the CNS 2024-10-11 Genetics

    Isogenic BMEC-like cells with different APOE genotypes had similar trans-endothelial electrical resistance, tight junction integrity and efflux transporter gene expression.

  16. PET imaging of microglia in Alzheimer's disease using copper-64 labeled TREM2 antibodies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Theranostics 2024-09-30 TREM2 and immune genetics

    The 64Cu-labeled antibodies were obtained in high radiochemical purity (RCP), radiochemical yield (RCY), and specific activity.

  17. Microglial TREM2 promotes phagocytic clearance of damaged neurons after status epilepticus

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2024-09-29 TREM2 and immune genetics

    In the central nervous system, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is exclusively expressed by microglia and is critical for microglial proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis.

  18. The influences of ApoE isoforms on endothelial adherens junctions and actin cytoskeleton responding to mCRP

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Angiogenesis 2024-09-14 Genetics

    Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) plays an important role responding to monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) via binding to CD31 leading to cerebrovascular damage and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  19. IRF3 regulates neuroinflammatory responses and the expression of genes associated with Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of neuroinflammation 2024-08-30 Inflammation and the immune system

    The pathological role of interferon signaling is emerging in neuroinflammatory disorders, yet, the specific role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) in neuroinflammation remains poorly understood.

  20. Therapeutic Targets in Innate Immunity to Tackle Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Cells 2024-08-26 Inflammation and the immune system

    There is an urgent need for effective disease-modifying therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most prevalent cause of dementia with a profound socioeconomic burden.

  21. Single-Nucleus Landscape of Glial Cells and Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Molecular neurobiology 2024-08-17 Genetics

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a projected significant increase in incidence.

  22. Pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Role of the Glymphatic System Dysfunction

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. International journal of molecular sciences 2024-08-11 Vascular contributions

    Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of pathologies that affect the cerebral blood vessels.

  23. A pathologic study of Perivascular pTDP-43 Lin bodies in LATE-NC

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica communications 2024-07-12 Brain tissue and pathology

    As shown previously, there was a robust association between Lin bodies and GFAP-positive astrocyte processes.

  24. Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Biomolecules 2024-07-11 Genetics

    Microglia, as resident macrophages in the central nervous system, play a multifunctional role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  25. Oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2024-06-04 Inflammation and the immune system

    Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic by-products that constitute an indispensable component of physiological processes, albeit their heightened presence may proffer substantial perils to biological entities.

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