Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. Drug repurposing: small molecules against Cu(II)-amyloid-β and free radicals

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 2021-08-27 Drug development

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a complex pathology entangling numerous pathological factors, including amyloid-β (Aβ), metal ions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

  2. Pretreatment with metformin prevents microcystin-LR-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via mTOR-dependent PP2A and GSK-3β activation

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Environmental toxicology 2021-08-25 Drug development

    Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is a toxin secreted by freshwater cyanobacteria that is considered a potential environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  3. Multimodal retinal imaging to detect and understand Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Current opinion in neurobiology 2021-08-14 Brain scans and imaging

    Retinal neurodegeneration and visual dysfunctions have been reported in a majority of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients, and, in light of the quest for novel biomarkers for these neurodegenerative proteinopathies, the retina has been receiving increasing attention as an organ for diagnosing, monitoring, and understanding disease.

  4. LIM-Kinases in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Brain Diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Cells 2021-08-13 Disease mechanisms

    Learning and memory require structural and functional modifications of synaptic connections, and synaptic deficits are believed to underlie many brain disorders.

  5. Autophagy and Tau Protein

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. International journal of molecular sciences 2021-07-12 Drug development

    Neurofibrillary tangles, which consist of highly phosphorylated tau protein, and senile plaques (SPs) are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  6. Protein S-nitrosylation and oxidation contribute to protein misfolding in neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Free radical biology & medicine 2021-07-02 Disease mechanisms

    Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are characterized by progressive degeneration of synapses and neurons.

  7. Chemical-Mediated Targeted Protein Degradation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2021-06-24 Disease mechanisms

    Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, are a class of diseases that lead to dysfunction of cognition and mobility.

  8. Synaptic Plasticity and Oscillations in Alzheimer's Disease: A Complex Picture of a Multifaceted Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2021-06-17 Disease mechanisms

    Brain plasticity is widely accepted as the core neurophysiological basis of memory and is generally defined by activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).

  9. Chaperone-mediated autophagy: a gatekeeper of neuronal proteostasis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Autophagy 2021-06-10 Disease mechanisms

    Different types of autophagy co-exist in all mammalian cells, however, the specific contribution of each of these autophagic pathways to the maintenance of cellular proteostasis and cellular function remains unknown.

  10. Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Autophagy 2021-05-31 Disease mechanisms

    Mechanisms of protein homeostasis are crucial for overseeing the clearance of misfolded and toxic proteins over the lifetime of an organism, thereby ensuring the health of neurons and other cells of the central nervous system.

  11. Targeting γ-Secretase for Familial Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents 2021-05-27 Risk genes beyond APOE

    Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is a rare early-onset genetic form of a common dementia of old age.

  12. Proteolytic α-Synuclein Cleavage in Health and Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. International journal of molecular sciences 2021-05-21 Brain tissue and pathology

    In Parkinson's disease, aggregates of α-synuclein within Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites represent neuropathological hallmarks.

  13. Fungally Derived Isoquinoline Demonstrates Inducer-Specific Tau Aggregation Inhibition

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Biochemistry 2021-05-19 Drug development

    The microtubule-associated protein tau promotes the stabilization of the axonal cytoskeleton in neurons.

  14. Tau-Targeted Multifunctional Nanoinhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2021-05-17 Drug development

    With the failure of various amyloid-β-targeted drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical trials, tau protein has gained growing attention as an alternative therapeutic target in recent years.

  15. Astrocytes and Adenosine A2A Receptors: Active Players in Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2021-05-13 Disease mechanisms

    Astrocytes, through their numerous processes, establish a bidirectional communication with neurons that is crucial to regulate synaptic plasticity, the purported neurophysiological basis of memory.

  16. Intersection between Redox Homeostasis and Autophagy: Valuable Insights into Neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2021-04-28 Disease mechanisms

    Autophagy, a main degradation pathway for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and redox homeostasis have recently been considered to play protective roles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

  17. Dementia with Lewy bodies: emerging drug targets and therapeutics

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 2021-04-26 Drug development

    Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by the toxic accumulation of α-synuclein protein inside neural cells; this results in neurodegeneration which is clinically accompanied by behavioral and psychological changes.

  18. Chaperone-mediated autophagy prevents collapse of the neuronal metastable proteome

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Cell 2021-04-22 Disease mechanisms

    Components of the proteostasis network malfunction in aging, and reduced protein quality control in neurons has been proposed to promote neurodegeneration.

  19. Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Cells 2021-03-26 Disease mechanisms

    Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms, reinforcement of behavior, and selected higher cognitive functions.

  20. Selective coactivation of α7- and α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors reverses beta-amyloid-induced synaptic dysfunction

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. The Journal of biological chemistry 2021-02-09 Disease mechanisms

    Beta-amyloid (Aβ) has been recognized as an early trigger in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leading to synaptic and cognitive impairments.

  21. Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations in PSEN1 Lead to Premature Human Stem Cell Neurogenesis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Cell reports 2021-01-12 Risk genes beyond APOE

    Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) or presenilin 2 (PSEN2), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, cause familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD).

  22. Tau Post-translational Modifications: Dynamic Transformers of Tau Function, Degradation, and Aggregation

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Frontiers in neurology 2021-01-07 Digital health tools

    Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on tau have long been recognized as affecting protein function and contributing to neurodegeneration.

  23. Nuclear Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Proteostasis Maintenance

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Biomolecules 2021-01-04 Disease mechanisms

    Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is crucial for the functioning of a cell, as proteins that are mislocalized, present in excessive amounts, or aberrant due to misfolding or other type of damage can be harmful.

  24. Retinal Changes in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Current Alzheimer research 2021 Brain scans and imaging

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, the most common form of dementia.

  25. Neurotrophic Treatment Initiated During Early Postnatal Development Prevents the Alzheimer-Like Behavior and Synaptic Dysfunction

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2021 Disease mechanisms

    P021 treatment during early development prevented cognitive impairment and increased expressions of pCREB and BDNF that activated downstream various signaling cascades such as PLC/PKC, MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt, and ameliorated synaptic protein deficit in 4-month-old 3xTg-AD mice.

From across this topic

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