Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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43/100
Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, is a multifactorial disorder involving amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, impaired glucose metabolism, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and progressive brain atrophy.
Why it matters
This review notes that anti-amyloid therapies have shown clinical efficacy and are licensed in several countries, but that the mechanisms behind continued decline after amyloid clearance remain unclear and may be independent of amyloid pathology. It argues that effective management will likely require combination treatments targeting tau, neuroinflammation, synaptic loss and metabolic dysfunction, many still in late-stage development.
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Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has emerged as a promising biomarker of astrocytic reactivity in preclinical Alzheimer´s Disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study evaluated how well plasma GFAP measured on the automated Lumipulse platform performs in cognitively unimpaired individuals, and how it agrees with the SIMOA research assay. It is a diagnostic performance study, not a treatment, cure or prevention study.
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Plasma biomarkers such as phospho-tau species are increasingly used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study examined how plasma p-tau181 and cognitive status relate to the risk of developing dementia in participants free of dementia. It is prognostic information and does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Magnetic resonance imaging based dementia severity assessment facilitates timely diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression.
Why it matters
This study describes a computer model that classifies MRI scans into four dementia stages with high reported accuracy while using fewer parameters and less memory than other models. It is a technical classification study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Family caregivers (n = 705) had a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 54.6 ± 11.5 years, 56.9% were male, and 84.0% cared for a parent or in-law with AD.
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional web survey in Japan, caregiving for people with Alzheimer's disease who had neuropsychiatric symptoms was linked to longer caregiving time, greater use of nursing care services, and more dissatisfaction with those services. It describes associations and does not test a treatment.
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Amyloid PET enables improved detection of amyloid-β plaques within the brain.
Why it matters
This review describes how amyloid PET is used to confirm amyloid positivity before starting anti-amyloid immunotherapy, while tau PET helps stage disease and FDG PET helps distinguish Alzheimer's from other dementias. It reports that expanded reimbursement has increased access to these scans, but it presents no new treatment or cure.
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We aimed to explore primary care physicians' (PCP) attitudes, perceptions, and barriers toward Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and incorporating blood biomarker (BBM) tests into the diagnostic workflow.
Why it matters
This interview study reports that U.S. primary care physicians are interested in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and receptive to blood biomarker testing, but face barriers including complex diagnostic workflows, lack of effective treatments, stigma, and reimbursement concerns. It does not evaluate any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Fourteen participants (21.5%) converted to MCI, and 24 (36.9%) were classified as Prog-1.Plasma biomarkers did not show consistent predictive performance across predefined endpoints (all p>0.05), although NfL demonstrated modest discrimination for MCI conversion (area under the curve [AUC] 0.686, p=0.008).Hippocampal volume demonstrated significant discriminative performance for MCI conversion (AUC 0.765, p=0.016) and Prog-1 (AUC 0.933, p<0.001).For Prog-2, hippocampal volume showed high discrimination (AUC 0.952, p<0.001).WMH grade also demonstrated significant discrimination for MCI conversion (AUC 0.835, p<0.001) and Prog-1 (AUC 0.857, p<0.001).Bootstrap analyses (1,000 iterations) tended to show higher AUC estimates for imaging markers compared with plasma biomarkers.
Why it matters
In 65 people with amyloid-negative subjective cognitive decline followed for four years, plasma biomarkers did not show consistent predictive performance, while hippocampal volume predicted conversion to mild cognitive impairment and cognitive progression. This indicates that imaging may outperform Alzheimer's-focused plasma markers in this group, but it is a small cohort and offers no treatment or cure.
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These findings highlight normative modelling's utility in revealing the complex interplay among sex, age, and AD risk in shaping brain structure and cognition in later life.
Why it matters
Males had greater total cortical thickness at younger ages and steeper increases over time compared to females, and greater cortical thickness and amyloid burden were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. No evidence was found that Alzheimer's disease risk influenced age-related changes in cortical thickness or cognition over time.
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43/100
Long-term PM exposure, particularly PM 10 , may contribute to increased AD/ADRD susceptibility, potentially through inflammation-related pathways.
Why it matters
This study found that higher exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with lower MMSE scores, and Mendelian randomization identified a causal effect of PM10 on Alzheimer's disease risk. CRP mediated 42.9% of this effect, supporting air quality improvement and inflammation-targeted strategies for dementia prevention.
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Nowadays, there is an unmet need for reliable and minimally-invasive diagnosis tools capable of detecting Alzheimer's disease at early stages.
Why it matters
A model using plasma p-Tau217, age and ApoE genotype detected Alzheimer's disease with good sensitivity and specificity in two clinical units but very low specificity in the ADNI cohort. This is a diagnostic validation and does not show any treatment or prevention effect.
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Machine learning enables scalable quantification of neuropathology, offering deeper phenotyping of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This validation study used machine learning to quantify amyloid-beta deposits across brain regions in deceased people with Alzheimer disease, finding regional differences and associations between ApoE ε4 status and plaque types. The authors describe these as exploratory associations advancing deeper phenotyping, and no treatment, cure, or prevention is reported.
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Participant and visit numbers varied by measure, with 455 participants evaluated over 1178 data points.
Why it matters
In people with Down syndrome, having mild premorbid intellectual impairment was linked to a later age of cognitive decline, but it did not significantly affect amyloid, tau or neurodegeneration biomarker trajectories. The authors suggest that if cognition is used for staging or as an endpoint in clinical trials, premorbid intellectual impairment level should be considered.
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DNA methylation has been shown to play a crucial role in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
Using ADNI data, this study looked for associations between peripheral blood DNA methylation and three CSF Alzheimer biomarkers: amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau-181 and total tau. It is about biological links with disease markers, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer disease.
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Amyloid status moderated associations between IIV-dispersion and WMH, such that higher IIV-dispersion was associated with greater WMH in Aß+ individuals whether WMH was examined as a continuous (B = 0.30, ß = 0.13, p = .006) or a dichotomous variable based on quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 2.41, p < .001).
Why it matters
In amyloid positive older adults, greater variability in cognitive test performance was associated with greater white matter hyperintensities. The authors suggest this variability may be an early marker of cerebrovascular changes in Alzheimer's disease, but they state that future research is needed to establish its usefulness.
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The aim of this study is to build and validate a model based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to predict the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
A model combining clinical dementia rating, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale scores and radiomics markers from structural MRI predicted progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. It is a prediction model only and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Fifty-three scans (31.74%) were rated amyloid-positive by all readers, while 62 scans (37.13%) were rated as amyloid-negative by all readers.
Why it matters
Visual reads of amyloid PET were inconsistent for milder amyloidosis, and Centiloid quantification helped define cut-points for consistent negative and positive scans. This may help guide selection of patients for antiamyloid therapies, but it does not test whether those therapies work.
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Globally, ADOD incidence, prevalence, and mortality increased significantly between 1990 and 2021 (156.54%, 160.81%, and 194.39%, respectively).
Why it matters
This global analysis found that Alzheimer's disease and other dementias increased significantly between 1990 and 2021, with high fasting blood glucose as the leading modifiable risk factor contributing to 14.70% of mortality. It calls for tailored strategies to strengthen healthcare systems and narrow inequalities, particularly in lower-SDI nations.
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43/100
Regional differences in the incidence of ADRD suggest possible disparities in healthcare access, socioeconomic conditions and geographical factors.
Why it matters
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias varied significantly across public health regions in South Carolina, with the highest crude incidence in the Pee Dee region. This regional variation highlights the need for targeted public health planning.
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Global CL quantification of Aβ PET scans is highly concordant with visual interpretation.
Why it matters
In 221 participants, a standardized Centiloid cutoff of 18 agreed with visual reading of amyloid PET scans in 93% of cases, with the best cutoff differing slightly by tracer. This supports harmonizing amyloid PET quantification for diagnosis and eligibility for anti-amyloid therapies, but does not itself treat or prevent disease.
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The SVM classifier achieved a notable accuracy of 96.01%, outperforming previously reported methods.
Why it matters
This study reports that a machine learning method using EEG data could help diagnose Alzheimer's disease early, which may allow timely clinical intervention. It is a diagnostic approach only and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Both the higher parental dementia instrument and participant genetic instrument score were associated with higher mean SBP (difference in mean SBP mmHg per 1SD higher score: 0.12, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.17, p < 0.0001, and 0.07, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.13, p=0.037, respectively) but not DBP.
Why it matters
Using Mendelian randomisation and parental dementia as an instrument, the authors found preliminary evidence that pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease increases systolic blood pressure. They call for further research to understand how blood pressure changes across stages of the disease, which could help target therapies.
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Mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
In this small pilot study of 60 people, levels of certain proteins and enzyme activities in blood and spinal fluid differed between groups, including a male-specific change in SOD2 and higher DNase I and MMP-2 activity in Alzheimer's dementia. No significant differences were found for cell-free mitochondrial DNA, and these markers need further study before they could be used in practice.
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In 2021, the age-standardized prevalence of AD and other dementia in China was 1,194 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1018-1,383), and the mortality rate was 35 per 100,000 (95% CI: 9-93).
Why it matters
The disease burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in China continues to rise, with significantly higher prevalence in females than males and a notable increase in prevalence and mortality after 2019. Obesity was highlighted as the leading contributor to Alzheimer's disease mortality in China, surpassing global averages.
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BackgroundDementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in cognitive function, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common type.
Why it matters
This analysis of Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2021 found that disability-adjusted life years from Alzheimer's disease and other dementias rose substantially, with smoking the leading risk factor in males and obesity the leading risk factor in females. It highlights the need for targeted interventions to reduce dementia risk factors, but it does not test any treatment or cure.
From across this topic
10 of the 5,172 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Antioxidant strategies for Alzheimer's disease
- 'In the course of time': a PET study of the cerebral substrates of autobiographical amnesia in Alzheimer's disease
- Lecanemab: A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Early Alzheimer Disease
- Anticuerpos monoclonales antiamiloide y enfermedad de Alzheimer: ¿estamos preparados?
- Fine-mapping of the human leukocyte antigen locus as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: A case-control study
- Diabetes and hypertension are related to amyloid-beta burden in the population-based Rotterdam Study
- Pulse pressure as a predictor of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and cognitive decline: The moderating role of APOE ε4
- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in at-risk adults and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer brains
- alpha- and beta-secretase: profound changes in Alzheimer's disease
- Anatomical heterogeneity of Alzheimer disease: based on cortical thickness on MRIs