Mapping sex differences in brain and cognition in relation to APOE ε4 and amyloid burden: A longitudinal normative modelling study
Sivaniya Subramaniapillai, Serena Verdi, Sarah E Keuss, Kirsty Lu, Sarah‐Naomi James, William Coath, David M. Cash, Frederik Barkhof et al.. Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 2026-01-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
RESULTS Cross‐sectional analyses showed that males had greater tOC than females at younger ages. Longitudinally, older males exhibited steeper increases in tOC over time compared to females. Greater tOC and amyloid burden were both associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, with a trend toward stronger associations in female APOE ε4 carriers. We found no evidence that AD risk influenced age‐related changes in tOC or cognition over time. DISCUSSION These findings highlight normative modelling's utility in revealing the complex interplay among sex, age, and AD risk in shaping brain structure and cognition in later life.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Subramaniapillai, S., Verdi, S., Keuss, S. E., Lu, K., James, S., Coath, W., et al. (2026). Mapping sex differences in brain and cognition in relation to APOE ε4 and amyloid burden: A longitudinal normative modelling study. Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70223
Vancouver
Subramaniapillai S, Verdi S, Keuss SE, Lu K, James S, Coath W, et al. Mapping sex differences in brain and cognition in relation to APOE ε4 and amyloid burden: A longitudinal normative modelling study. Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 2026. doi:10.1002/trc2.70223.
BibTeX
@article{subramaniapillai2026-00ddbfb1,
author = {Subramaniapillai, Sivaniya and Verdi, Serena and Keuss, Sarah E and Lu, Kirsty and James, Sarah‐Naomi and Coath, William and Cash, David M. and Barkhof, Frederik and others},
title = {{Mapping sex differences in brain and cognition in relation to APOE ε4 and amyloid burden: A longitudinal normative modelling study}},
journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia Translational Research \& Clinical Interventions},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1002/trc2.70223},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70223}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- RESULTS Cross‐sectional analyses showed that males had greater tOC than females at younger ages.
- Longitudinally, older males exhibited steeper increases in tOC over time compared to females.
- Greater tOC and amyloid burden were both associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, with a trend toward stronger associations in female APOE ε4 carriers.
- We found no evidence that AD risk influenced age‐related changes in tOC or cognition over time.
- DISCUSSION These findings highlight normative modelling's utility in revealing the complex interplay among sex, age, and AD risk in shaping brain structure and cognition in later life.
Why it matters
Males had greater total cortical thickness at younger ages and steeper increases over time compared to females, and greater cortical thickness and amyloid burden were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. No evidence was found that Alzheimer's disease risk influenced age-related changes in cortical thickness or cognition over time.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Genetics →
Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions: journal h-index 84 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 0 / 7 | Cited 0 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.0 citations a year over 2 year(s) since 2026 |
| Impact for its field and year | 0 / 6 | Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Ann‐Marie G. de Lange: h-index 32 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of Oxford: institution h-index 2,205 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 3 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 14 institution(s) in 4 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1002/trc2.70223
- Original source →
- Free full text: Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.
Related studies in Genetics
Also tagged “amyloid-beta”
1,339 studies in the library carry the topic tag “amyloid-beta”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 1,339 tagged studies.