Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. Causal association between particulate matter 2.5 and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in public health 2024-05-30 Risk factors

    Our MR analysis identified a notable association between genetically predicted PM2.5 (PM with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) exposure and an elevated risk of AD (odds ratio, 2.160; 95% confidence interval, 1.481 to 3.149; p < 0.001).

  2. Environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions: insights into the effect on mental health

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in psychiatry 2024-05-28 Risk factors

    Environmental pollution exposures, including air, soil, water, light, and noise pollution, are critical issues that may implicate adverse mental health outcomes.

  3. Air pollution and neurological diseases, current state highlights

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2024-03-06 Risk factors

    This paper delves into the increasingly recognized yet complex relationship between air pollution and Neurological Diseases.

  4. Outdoor Nighttime Light Exposure (Light Pollution) is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2024-02-15 Risk factors

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence has increased in the last century which can be attributed to increased lifespan, but environment is also important.

  5. Particulate matter from car exhaust alters function of human iPSC-derived microglia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Particle and fibre toxicology 2024-02-15 Risk factors

    Here we show that two different PMs derived from exhausts of cars running on EN590 diesel or compressed natural gas (CNG) alter the function of human microglia-like cells in vitro.

  6. Exposure to urban particulate matter alters responses of olfactory mucosal cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Environmental research 2024-02-08 Risk factors

    Respiratory viruses have a significant impact on health, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

  7. Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. GeroScience 2023-09-09 Risk factors

    The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies.

  8. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Archives of toxicology 2023-08-19 Risk factors

    Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress").

  9. Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by PM2.5 Exposure and its possible role in Neurodegenerative and mental disorders

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Human & Experimental Toxicology 2023-03-01 Risk factors

    Recent extensive evidence suggests that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) may be neurotoxic to the brain and cause central nervous system damage, contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder.

  10. A review of respirable fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )-induced brain damage

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2022-09-07 Risk factors

    Respirable fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has been one of the most widely publicized indicators of pollution in recent years.

  11. Role of Environmental Toxicants on Neurodegenerative Disorders

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in toxicology 2022-05-11 Risk factors

    Neurodegeneration leads to the loss of structural and functioning components of neurons over time.

  12. The pathogenic effects of particulate matter on neurodegeneration: a review

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of biomedical science 2022-02-22 Risk factors

    The increasing amount of particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is a pressing public health issue globally.

  13. An Air Particulate Pollutant Induces Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Human Brain Models

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2021-09-24 Risk factors

    Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major component among air pollutants, highlights as a global health concern.

  14. Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Metal Neurotoxicity: A Focus on the Interactions of Metals with Synapse Structure and Function

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Toxics 2021-08-27 Risk factors

    Environmental exposure to neurotoxic metals and metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, or manganese is a global health concern affecting millions of people worldwide.

  15. The Air We Breathe: Air Pollution as a Prevalent Proinflammatory Stimulus Contributing to Neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2021-06-24 Risk factors

    Air pollution is regarded as an important risk factor for many diseases that affect a large proportion of the human population.

  16. The Effects of Chronic Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in Wildtype and Genetically Predisposed Male and Female Rats

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Environmental health perspectives 2021-05-10 Risk factors

    These data demonstrate that chronic exposure to ambient TRAP promoted AD phenotypes in wildtype and genetically susceptible rats.

  17. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Involving Multiple Cognitive Domains in Mexican Urbanites

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2019 Risk factors

    Exposures to fine particulate matter PM2.5 and ozone O3 are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.

  18. Identification of chemicals that mimic transcriptional changes associated with autism, brain aging and neurodegeneration

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Nature communications 2016-03-31 Risk factors

    Environmental factors, including pesticides, have been linked to autism and neurodegeneration risk using retrospective epidemiological studies.

  19. Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in north Indian population

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Human & Experimental Toxicology 2012-08-16 Risk factors

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) could result from a multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors like pesticides.

  20. Air pollution, glymphatic impairment, and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Trends in neurosciences 2023-09-28 Risk factors

    Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a link between air pollution exposure and the onset and progression of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  21. Air Pollution and the Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2023 Risk factors

    Of the 7,511 non-demented participants at baseline, 545 developed dementia during a median follow-up of 7 years.

  22. Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2022-09-28 Risk factors

    The loss of olfactory stimulation correlates well with at least 68 widely differing neurological disorders, including depression, and we raise the possibility that this relationship may be causal.

  23. Exposure to a real traffic environment impairs brain cognition in aged mice

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Environmental research 2022-09-14 Risk factors

    Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been a common public health problem, which is associated with central nervous system dysfunction according to large-scale epidemiological studies.

  24. Lithium in drinking water and Alzheimer's dementia: Epidemiological Findings from National Data Base of Japan

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Bipolar disorders 2022-09-13 Drug development

    The adjusted model showed a significant inverse association of lithium levels with female, but not with male, or total prevalence of AD.

  25. Particulate matter and Alzheimer's disease: an intimate connection

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Trends in molecular medicine 2022-07-12 Risk factors

    The environmental role in disease progression has been appreciated for decades; however, understanding how airborne toxicant exposure can affect organs beyond the lungs is an underappreciated area of scientific inquiry.

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