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Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Involving Multiple Cognitive Domains in Mexican Urbanites
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Partha S Mukherjee, Randy J Kulesza, Ricardo Torres-Jardón, Jacqueline Hernández-Luna, Rodrigo Ávila-Cervantes, Edgar Macías-Escobedo, Oscar González-González et al.. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2019
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
Exposures to fine particulate matter PM2.5 and ozone O3 are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Mexico City residents have lifetime exposures to PM2.5 and O3 above annual USEPA standards and their brains contain high redox, combustion, and friction-derived magnetite nanoparticles. AD pathological changes with subcortical pre-tangle stages in infancy and cortical tau pre-tangles, NFT Stages I-II, and amyloid phases 1-2 are identified by the 2nd decade. Given their AD continuum, a reliable identification of cognitive impairment is of utmost importance. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to 517 urbanites, age 21.60±5.88 years, with 13.69±1.28 formal education years, in Mexican PM2.5 polluted cities. MoCA score was 23.92±2.82, and 24.7% and 30.3% scored ≤24 and ≤22, respectively (MCI≤24, AD≤22). Cognitive deficits progressively targeted Visuospatial, Executive, Language, and Memory domains, body mass index (BMI) impacting total scores negatively (p = 0.0008), aging driving down Executive, Visuospatial, and Language index scores (p < 0.0001, 0.0037, and 0.0045), and males performing better in Executive tasks. Average age for AD MoCA scores was 22.38±7.7 years. Residency in polluted cities is associated with progression of multi-domain cognitive impairment affecting 55% of Mexican seemingly healthy youth. Normal BMI ought to be a neuroprotection goal. MoCA provides guidance for further mandatory neuropsychological testing in young populations. Identifying and lowering key neurotoxicants impacting neural risk trajectories in the developing brain and monitoring cognitive performance would greatly facilitate multidisciplinary early diagnosis and prevention of AD in high risk young populations. Cognitive deficits hinder development of those representing the force moving the country in future years.
Key findings
- Exposures to fine particulate matter PM2.5 and ozone O3 are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.
- Residency in polluted cities is associated with progression of multi-domain cognitive impairment affecting 55% of Mexican seemingly healthy youth.
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Study details
- Effect size24.7%; 30.3%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 43 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 2 / 5 | 2019 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 30909241) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 24 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 43 out of 100. |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., Mukherjee, P. S., Kulesza, R. J., Torres-Jardón, R., Hernández-Luna, J., Ávila-Cervantes, R., et al. (2019). Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Involving Multiple Cognitive Domains in Mexican Urbanites. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-181208
Vancouver
Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Mukherjee PS, Kulesza RJ, Torres-Jardón R, Hernández-Luna J, Ávila-Cervantes R, et al. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Involving Multiple Cognitive Domains in Mexican Urbanites. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2019. doi:10.3233/jad-181208. PMID: 30909241.
BibTeX
@article{calderongarciduenas2019-30909241,
author = {Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian and Mukherjee, Partha S and Kulesza, Randy J and Torres-Jardón, Ricardo and Hernández-Luna, Jacqueline and Ávila-Cervantes, Rodrigo and Macías-Escobedo, Edgar and González-González, Oscar and others},
title = {{Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Involving Multiple Cognitive Domains in Mexican Urbanites}},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.3233/jad-181208},
pmid = {30909241},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-181208}
}