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Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology
Racette BA, McGee-Minnich L, Moerlein SM, Mink JW, Videen TO, Perlmutter JS.. Neurology, 2001-01-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Objective To determine whether welding-related parkinsonism differs from idiopathic PD. Background Welding is considered a cause of parkinsonism, but little information is available about the clinical features exhibited by patients or whether this is a distinct disorder. Methods The authors performed a case-control study that compared the clinical features of 15 career welders, who were ascertained through an academic movement disorders center and compared to two control groups with idiopathic PD. One control group was ascertained sequentially to compare the frequency of clinical features, and the second control group was sex- and age-matched to compare the frequency of motor fluctuations. Results Welders were exposed to a mean of 47,144 welding hours. Welders had a younger age at onset (46 years) of PD compared with sequentially ascertained controls (63 years; p Conclusions Parkinsonism in welders is distinguished clinically only by age at onset, suggesting welding may be a risk factor for PD. These preliminary data cannot exclude a genetic contribution to susceptibility in these exposed individuals.
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APA 7th
Racette, B. A., McGee-Minnich, L., Moerlein, S. M., Mink, J. W., Videen, T. O., & Perlmutter, J. S. (2001). Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.56.1.8
Vancouver
Racette BA, McGee-Minnich L, Moerlein SM, Mink JW, Videen TO, Perlmutter JS. Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neurology. 2001. doi:10.1212/wnl.56.1.8. PMID: 11148228.
BibTeX
@article{racette2001-11148228,
author = {Racette, B. A. and McGee-Minnich, L. and Moerlein, S. M. and Mink, J. W. and Videen, T. O. and Perlmutter, J. S.},
title = {{Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2001},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.56.1.8},
pmid = {11148228},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.56.1.8}
}
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Key findings
- Methods The authors performed a case-control study that compared the clinical features of 15 career welders, who were ascertained through an academic movement disorders center and compared to two control groups with idiopathic PD.
- Results Welders were exposed to a mean of 47,144 welding hours.
- Welders had a younger age at onset (46 years) of PD compared with sequentially ascertained controls (63 years; p Conclusions Parkinsonism in welders is distinguished clinically only by age at onset, suggesting welding may be a risk factor for PD.
Why it matters
In this case-control study of 15 career welders compared with two control groups with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, welders had a younger age at onset (46 years) than sequentially ascertained controls (63 years). These preliminary data suggest welding may be a risk factor for parkinsonism, but they do not report anything about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Study designcase-control study
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 56/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a case-control study. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Neurology: journal h-index 525 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 6 / 12 | A case-control study |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2001 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 304 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 11.3 citations a year over 27 year(s) since 2001 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 5.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 1 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 19 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Joel S. Perlmutter: h-index 83 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Washington University in St. Louis: institution h-index 1,962 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 11148228) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 56 / 100 | — |
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