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Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Rehabilitation: Current Approaches to Research, Reimbursement, and Clinical Treatment
Lyn S. Turkstra, Mary R. T. Kennedy. ASHA Leader, 2008-07-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
The existing evidence suggests that both could be addressed with either antecedent behavior management strategies, such as creating verbal scripts and routines (e.g., an “escape” routine when he is losing his temper, greeting routines for customers), or consequence-oriented management such as reinforcement of either positive behaviors or low rates of negative behaviors (Ylvisaker, Turkstra, & Coelho, 2005). The research evidence suggests that individuals like J.B. with declarative learning impairments learn best when training capitalizes on intact procedural memory skills (Ehlhardt et al., 2008). As a result, an independent review in Montana overturned the denial of claims by a 38-year-old TBI survivor, setting a precedent for reimbursing such claims. The results of group studies might not apply to individual clients (Kennedy & Turkstra, 2006; Montgomery & Turkstra, 2003).
Key findings
- The existing evidence suggests that both could be addressed with either antecedent behavior management strategies, such as creating verbal scripts and routines (e.g., an “escape” routine when he is losing his temper, greeting routines for customers), or consequence-oriented management such as reinforcement of either positive behaviors or low rates of negative behaviors (Ylvisaker, Turkstra, & Coelho, 2005).
- The research evidence suggests that individuals like J.B. with declarative learning impairments learn best when training capitalizes on intact procedural memory skills (Ehlhardt et al., 2008).
- As a result, an independent review in Montana overturned the denial of claims by a 38-year-old TBI survivor, setting a precedent for reimbursing such claims.
- The results of group studies might not apply to individual clients (Kennedy & Turkstra, 2006; Montgomery & Turkstra, 2003).
Why it matters
This review discusses cognitive rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury, including using intact procedural memory skills in training and a reimbursement precedent. It does not address treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Study designsystematic review
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 42/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and studied in people because the record does not state it. We have no data on institution's track record, so that was left out: it earned 41 of the 97 points we could judge it on, which is 42 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (ASHA Leader) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | ASHA Leader: journal h-index 30 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2008 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 5 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.2 citations a year over 20 year(s) since 2008 |
| Impact for its field and year | 1 / 6 | Cited 0.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Mary R. T. Kennedy: h-index 25 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 0 institution(s) in 0 countries — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 41 / 97 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 41 of the 97 points we could judge it on is 42 out of 100. |
| Total | 42 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Turkstra, L. S., & Kennedy, M. R. T. (2008). Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Rehabilitation: Current Approaches to Research, Reimbursement, and Clinical Treatment. ASHA Leader. https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr1.13092008.10
Vancouver
Turkstra LS, Kennedy MRT. Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Rehabilitation: Current Approaches to Research, Reimbursement, and Clinical Treatment. ASHA Leader. 2008. doi:10.1044/leader.ftr1.13092008.10.
BibTeX
@article{turkstra2008-fa62643d,
author = {Turkstra, Lyn S. and Kennedy, Mary R. T.},
title = {{Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Rehabilitation: Current Approaches to Research, Reimbursement, and Clinical Treatment}},
journal = {ASHA Leader},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1044/leader.ftr1.13092008.10},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr1.13092008.10}
}
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