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67/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Risk factors

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

The study consisted of 20 400 patients (9264 female [45.4%]; 1576 Black [7.7%], 3944 Latinx [19.3%], and 10 480 White [51.4%]), including 5100 patients with mTBI (median [IQR] age, 36.0 [25.0-51.0] years), 5100 patients with msTBI (median [IQR age, 35.0 [25.0-52.0] years), and 10 200 matched patients in the control group (median [IQR] age, 36.0 [25.0-51.0] years). By ADI score quintile, there were 2757 unexposed patients (27.0%), 1561 patients with mTBI (30.6%), and 1550 patients with msTBI (30.4%) in the lowest (1-2) quintiles and 1523 unexposed patients (14.9%), 769 patients with mTBI (15.1%), and 804 patients with msTBI (15.8%) in the highest quintiles (9-10). TBI of any severity was associated with increased risk of nearly all conditions (mTBI HRs ranged from 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.57 for hypothyroidism to 4.06; 95% CI, 3.06-5.39 for dementia, and msTBI HRs ranged from 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12-1.62 for hypothyroidism to 3.45; 95% CI, 2.73-4.35 for seizure disorder). Separate age and ADI stratifications revealed patient populations at increased risk, including middle-age adults (ages 41-60 years), with increased risk of suicidality (mTBI: HR, 4.84; 95% CI, 3.01-7.78; msTBI: HR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.51-6.62). Suicidality risk persisted for patients with mTBI in the high ADI subgroup (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.36-3.66). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, TBI was a risk factor associated with treatable incident neuropsychiatric and other medical conditions, validating similar findings from a Massachusetts dataset. Additional exploratory findings suggested varying demographic and regional risk patterns, which may generate causal hypotheses for further research and inform clinical surveillance strategies.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Halabi, C., Izzy, S., DiGiorgio, A. M., Mills, H., Radmanesh, F., Yue, J. K., et al. (2024). Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Incident Comorbidities. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50499

Vancouver

Halabi C, Izzy S, DiGiorgio AM, Mills H, Radmanesh F, Yue JK, et al. Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Incident Comorbidities. JAMA Network Open. 2024. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50499. PMID: 39666337.

BibTeX

@article{halabi2024-39666337,
  author  = {Halabi, Cathra and Izzy, Saef and DiGiorgio, Anthony Michael and Mills, Hunter and Radmanesh, Farid and Yue, John K. and Choshali, Habibeh Ashouri and Schenk, Gundolf and others},
  title   = {{Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Incident Comorbidities}},
  journal = {JAMA Network Open},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50499},
  pmid    = {39666337},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50499}
}

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How to read this study

Design: this is a follow-up (cohort) study. People are observed over time and not assigned to anything, so an association can reflect other differences between groups. Look at how long follow-up lasted, how many dropped out, and whether the authors adjusted for age, education and other health conditions.
Size: the record lists 400 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record reports “45.4%; 7.7%; 19.3%”. A statistically significant result can still be small in daily life.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded moderate. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Moderate means the abstract mentions a cohort, case-control or longitudinal design. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

The study consisted of 20 400 patients (9264 female [45.4%]; 1576 Black [7.7%], 3944 Latinx [19.3%], and 10 480 White [51.4%]), including 5100 patients with mTBI (median [IQR] age, 36.0 [25.0-51.0] years), 5100 patients with msTBI (median [IQR age, 35.0 [25.0-52.0] years), and 10 200 matched patients in the control group (median [IQR] age, 36.0 [25.0-51.0] years).
By ADI score quintile, there were 2757 unexposed patients (27.0%), 1561 patients with mTBI (30.6%), and 1550 patients with msTBI (30.4%) in the lowest (1-2) quintiles and 1523 unexposed patients (14.9%), 769 patients with mTBI (15.1%), and 804 patients with msTBI (15.8%) in the highest quintiles (9-10).
TBI of any severity was associated with increased risk of nearly all conditions (mTBI HRs ranged from 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.57 for hypothyroidism to 4.06; 95% CI, 3.06-5.39 for dementia, and msTBI HRs ranged from 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12-1.62 for hypothyroidism to 3.45; 95% CI, 2.73-4.35 for seizure disorder).
Separate age and ADI stratifications revealed patient populations at increased risk, including middle-age adults (ages 41-60 years), with increased risk of suicidality (mTBI: HR, 4.84; 95% CI, 3.01-7.78; msTBI: HR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.51-6.62).
Suicidality risk persisted for patients with mTBI in the high ADI subgroup (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.36-3.66).

Why it matters

In this cohort study, traumatic brain injury of any severity was linked to higher risk of many later conditions, including dementia. It identifies TBI as a risk factor but does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

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Study details

Study designcohort study
Participants400
Effect size45.4%; 7.7%; 19.3%
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 67/100

Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	9 / 10	Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (JAMA Network Open)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	JAMA Network Open: journal h-index 235 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A cohort study following people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	2 / 4	400 participants
Effect reported	2 / 3	Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	3 / 7	Cited 32 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	8.0 citations a year over 4 year(s) since 2024
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 8.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 32 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	4 / 4	Last-listed author Geoffrey T. Manley: h-index 104 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	3 / 3	Harvard University: institution h-index 3,235 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 7 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39666337)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	67 / 100	—

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