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40/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Mild cognitive impairment

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Plain-language summary

Background Several lines of evidence in the literature have shown that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the results from the evaluation of serum inflammatory markers in AD patients have been controversial. Objective To determine if any differences exist in the monocytic secretion pattern of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients, when compared with healthy age-matched controls. Methods To evaluate the percentage of peripheral monocytes secreting IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha along with the relative levels of these proteins, a cytofluorimetric analysis was conducted under basal conditions and after lipopolysaccharide-induced cell activation. Results We found, in AD and MCI patients, a significant raise in the percentage of monocytes producing the studied cytokines (under basal conditions and after the exposure to an inflammatory stimulus), as well as a decreased competence of these cells to respond to inflammatory challenges, when compared with controls. Conclusions These results agree with a persistent inflammatory status in AD, reinforcing the hypothesis of a progressive impairment of the immune response in this disorder and suggesting that monocytes may be good targets to study the progression from MCI to AD.

What this study adds

Evidence grade: Low

This study found that monocytes from people with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment produced more of certain inflammatory cytokines and responded less to inflammatory challenges than controls. It supports a persistent inflammatory state and suggests monocytes as a possible target for studying progression, but does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.

Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Guerreiro, R. J., Santana, I., Brás, J. M., Santiago, B., Paiva, A., & Oliveira, C. (2007). Peripheral inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neuro-degenerative diseases. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107700

Vancouver

Guerreiro RJ, Santana I, Brás JM, Santiago B, Paiva A, Oliveira C. Peripheral inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neuro-degenerative diseases. 2007. doi:10.1159/000107700. PMID: 17934323.

BibTeX

@article{guerreiro2007-17934323,
  author  = {Guerreiro, R. J. and Santana, I. and Brás, J. M. and Santiago, B. and Paiva, A. and Oliveira, C.},
  title   = {{Peripheral inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment}},
  journal = {Neuro-degenerative diseases},
  year    = {2007},
  doi     = {10.1159/000107700},
  pmid    = {17934323},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1159/000107700}
}

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How to read this study

Design: our record does not state a study design, so check the methods section of the original before weighing the result.
Size: the record gives no participant count. Look for one in the original before trusting a pattern.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Background Several lines of evidence in the literature have shown that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
However, the results from the evaluation of serum inflammatory markers in AD patients have been controversial.
Objective To determine if any differences exist in the monocytic secretion pattern of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients, when compared with healthy age-matched controls.
Results We found, in AD and MCI patients, a significant raise in the percentage of monocytes producing the studied cytokines (under basal conditions and after the exposure to an inflammatory stimulus), as well as a decreased competence of these cells to respond to inflammatory challenges, when compared with controls.
Conclusions These results agree with a persistent inflammatory status in AD, reinforcing the hypothesis of a progressive impairment of the immune response in this disorder and suggesting that monocytes may be good targets to study the progression from MCI to AD.

Why it matters

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 40/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, so that was left out: it earned 38 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Neuro-degenerative diseases)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2007 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 150 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	2 / 5	7.1 citations a year over 21 year(s) since 2007
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 5.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	2 / 6	Cited by 9 other studies in this library
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 11 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Catarina Resende Oliveira: h-index 97 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	University of Coimbra: institution h-index 515 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 17934323)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Points	38 / 96	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 38 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100.
Total	40 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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