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Peripheral oxidative damage in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease
Baldeiras I, Santana I, Proença MT, Garrucho MH, Pascoal R, Rodrigues A, Duro D, Oliveira CR.. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2008-09-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Oxidative stress has been shown to be a triggering event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little evidence exists on the role of oxidative imbalance in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a group with a high risk of progression to AD. We therefore assessed the peripheral blood levels of a broad spectrum of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defenses, as well as lipid and protein oxidation markers and nitrogen oxidative species in 85 MCI patients, 42 mild AD patients and 37 age-matched controls. In mild AD patients, the plasma levels of vitamin E were significantly decreased, while the plasma concentration of oxidized glutathione was increased in both MCI and mild AD patients. An increase in plasmatic and erythrocytes oxidative markers was also observed in MCI and mild AD patients as compared to controls. In both patients groups, increased levels of plasma antioxidants were found in females, whereas apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele carriers showed higher indices of intracellular oxidative markers. Moreover, in MCI patients, cognitive function positively correlates with antioxidant levels. This study shows that most of the oxidative changes found in mild AD patients are already present in the MCI group, and that progression to AD might be accompanied by antioxidant depletion.
Key findings
- In mild AD patients, the plasma levels of vitamin E were significantly decreased, while the plasma concentration of oxidized glutathione was increased in both MCI and mild AD patients.
- An increase in plasmatic and erythrocytes oxidative markers was also observed in MCI and mild AD patients as compared to controls.
Why it matters
This study found that markers of oxidative damage were increased in the blood of people with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease compared to controls. The findings describe biological changes associated with disease progression but do not test any treatment or prevention.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Journal of Alzheimer s Disease: journal h-index 218 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2008 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 157 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 7.8 citations a year over 20 year(s) since 2008 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 3.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 7 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 12 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Catarina Resende Oliveira: h-index 97 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | University of Coimbra: institution h-index 515 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 18780972) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Baldeiras, I., Santana, I., Proença, M. T., Garrucho, M. H., Pascoal, R., Rodrigues, A., et al. (2008). Peripheral oxidative damage in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2008-15110
Vancouver
Baldeiras I, Santana I, Proença MT, Garrucho MH, Pascoal R, Rodrigues A, et al. Peripheral oxidative damage in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2008. doi:10.3233/jad-2008-15110. PMID: 18780972.
BibTeX
@article{baldeiras2008-18780972,
author = {Baldeiras, I. and Santana, I. and Proença, M. T. and Garrucho, M. H. and Pascoal, R. and Rodrigues, A. and Duro, D. and Oliveira, C. R.},
title = {{Peripheral oxidative damage in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.3233/jad-2008-15110},
pmid = {18780972},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2008-15110}
}
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