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45/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Inflammation and the immune system

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

The viral determinants that underlie human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neurotropism are unknown, due in part to limited studies on viruses isolated from brain. Previous studies suggest that brain-derived viruses are macrophage tropic (M-tropic) and principally use CCR5 for virus entry. To better understand HIV-1 neurotropism, we isolated primary viruses from autopsy brain, cerebral spinal fluid, blood, spleen, and lymph node samples from AIDS patients with dementia and HIV-1 encephalitis.

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APA 7th

Gorry, P. R., Bristol, G., Zack, J. A., Ritola, K., Swanstrom, R., Birch, C. J., et al. (2001). Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity. Journal of virology. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.21.10073-10089.2001

Vancouver

Gorry PR, Bristol G, Zack JA, Ritola K, Swanstrom R, Birch CJ, et al. Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity. Journal of virology. 2001. doi:10.1128/jvi.75.21.10073-10089.2001. PMID: 11581376.

BibTeX

@article{gorry2001-11581376,
  author  = {Gorry, P. R. and Bristol, G. and Zack, J. A. and Ritola, K. and Swanstrom, R. and Birch, C. J. and Bell, J. E. and Bannert, N. and others},
  title   = {{Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity}},
  journal = {Journal of virology},
  year    = {2001},
  doi     = {10.1128/jvi.75.21.10073-10089.2001},
  pmid    = {11581376},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.21.10073-10089.2001}
}

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Key findings

Previous studies suggest that brain-derived viruses are macrophage tropic (M-tropic) and principally use CCR5 for virus entry.
To better understand HIV-1 neurotropism, we isolated primary viruses from autopsy brain, cerebral spinal fluid, blood, spleen, and lymph node samples from AIDS patients with dementia and HIV-1 encephalitis.
Isolates were characterized to determine coreceptor usage and replication capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and microglia.
Env V1/V2 and V3 heteroduplex tracking assay and sequence analyses were performed to characterize distinct variants in viral quasispecies.

Why it matters

This study characterizes HIV-1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues and their macrophage tropism and coreceptor use in patients with dementia and HIV-1 encephalitis, which is not Alzheimer's disease. It provides no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 45/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of virology)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	Journal of Virology: journal h-index 421 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2001 — older than 20 years, still counted
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 264 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	9.8 citations a year over 27 year(s) since 2001
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 5.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 5 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Dana H. Gabuzda: h-index 76 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	3 / 3	Harvard University: institution h-index 3,235 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	3 / 3	OpenAlex lists 10 institution(s) in 4 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 11581376)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	45 / 100	—

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