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Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia
Glass JD, Fedor H, Wesselingh SL, McArthur JC.. Annals of neurology, 1995-11-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia is unclear, and the underlying pathological substrate has been a matter of debate. In a prospectively clinically characterized population of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients we investigated the relationship between the clinical syndrome of HIV-associated dementia and the presence and relative quantity of immunocytochemical markers for HIV-1 (gp41 antibody), and for macrophages and microglia (HAM-56 antibody). Sections from the basal ganglia and frontal lobes from the brains of 51 patients were studied, and the data were stratified for severity of dementia (16 nondemented, 12 mildly demented, 23 severely demented), rate of dementia progression, duration of AIDS, use of antiretrovirals, and several other demographic features.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Glass, J. D., Fedor, H., Wesselingh, S. L., & McArthur, J. C. (1995). Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia. Annals of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410380510
Vancouver
Glass JD, Fedor H, Wesselingh SL, McArthur JC. Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia. Annals of neurology. 1995. doi:10.1002/ana.410380510. PMID: 7486867.
BibTeX
@article{glass1995-7486867,
author = {Glass, J. D. and Fedor, H. and Wesselingh, S. L. and McArthur, J. C.},
title = {{Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia}},
journal = {Annals of neurology},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1002/ana.410380510},
pmid = {7486867},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410380510}
}
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Key findings
- In a prospectively clinically characterized population of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients we investigated the relationship between the clinical syndrome of HIV-associated dementia and the presence and relative quantity of immunocytochemical markers for HIV-1 (gp41 antibody), and for macrophages and microglia (HAM-56 antibody).
- Sections from the basal ganglia and frontal lobes from the brains of 51 patients were studied, and the data were stratified for severity of dementia (16 nondemented, 12 mildly demented, 23 severely demented), rate of dementia progression, duration of AIDS, use of antiretrovirals, and several other demographic features.
- We found a highly significant correlation between the degree of macrophage staining and the severity of dementia but only a borderline correlation between the presence and amount of gp41-positive cells and dementia.
- Several nondemented patients showed abundant gp41 immunoreactivity, and some severely demented showed little to no gp41 immunoreactivity.
Why it matters
This study of brain tissue from 51 AIDS patients examined the link between HIV-associated dementia and markers for HIV-1, macrophages and microglia. It concerns HIV-associated dementia, not Alzheimer's disease, and reports no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's.
Study details
- Participants51
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 54/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Annals of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Annals of Neurology: journal h-index 437 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1995 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 51 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 664 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 20.1 citations a year over 33 year(s) since 1995 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 6.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 14 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 13 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Justin Charles McArthur: h-index 116 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Johns Hopkins University: institution h-index 2,306 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 7486867) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 54 / 100 | — |
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