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Interactions between antidiabetes medications and heart-brain axis
Ong LT, Sia CH.. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 2024-12-06
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Purpose of review The heart - brain axis (HBA) is the physiological interactions between the cardiovascular and nervous systems through autonomic nerves, hormones, and cytokines. Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of the cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, recent evidence demonstrated that different antidiabetic drugs may delay cognitive impairment and improve cardiovascular outcomes. This review examines the impact of antidiabetic drugs on the HBA in patients with diabetes. Recent findings Metformin improves the cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes through adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors reduce inflammation, oxidative stress by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome thereby reducing the incidence of heart failure and formation of beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid-beta and tau pathology and inflammation but may exacerbate heart failure risk due to increased sympathetic activity and prolonged β-adrenergic stimulation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases by reducing neuroinflammation, but may increase sympathetic activity, potentially elevating heart rate and blood pressure, despite their cardioprotective benefits. Summary Antidiabetes medications have the potential to improve cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes; however, additional studies are required to substantiate these effects.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Ong, L. T., & Sia, C. H. (2025). Interactions between antidiabetes medications and heart-brain axis. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity. https://doi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000896
Vancouver
Ong LT, Sia CH. Interactions between antidiabetes medications and heart-brain axis. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity. 2025. doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000896. PMID: 39639832.
BibTeX
@article{ong2025-39639832,
author = {Ong, L. T. and Sia, C. H.},
title = {{Interactions between antidiabetes medications and heart-brain axis}},
journal = {Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1097/med.0000000000000896},
pmid = {39639832},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000896}
}
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Key findings
- Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of the cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
- However, recent evidence demonstrated that different antidiabetic drugs may delay cognitive impairment and improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 41 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39639832) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 24 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 41 out of 100. |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
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