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Effects of antidiabetic medications on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment
Cozza A, Chinigò C, Filicetti E, Greco GI, Lappano R, Marinaro C, Muglia L, Soraci L et al.. Ageing research reviews, 2025-07-12
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related cognitive impairment (CI) has garnered increasing attention in recent research and is emerging as a highly relevant area of study. T2DM is a chronic and globally prevalent condition characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunction, factors that collectively contribute to cognitive decline. Notably, T2DM is strongly associated with neurodegenerative conditions, ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. This review explores the potential neuroprotective effects of various antidiabetic drugs, including insulin-sensitizing agents (metformin and pioglitazone), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is). These medications exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, such as reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, decreasing Aβ accumulation and apoptosis, enhancing cerebral glucose metabolism, and promoting neuroplasticity, processes directly implicated in the interplay between T2DM and cognitive decline. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of these agents in mitigating CI and supporting brain health in individuals with T2DM. However, given the conflicting nature of current clinical evidence, further research is needed to clarify their cognitive benefits, elucidate underlying mechanisms of action, and assess their long-term effects on cognitive outcomes in this population.
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APA 7th
Cozza, A., Chinigò, C., Filicetti, E., Greco, G. I., Lappano, R., Marinaro, C., et al. (2025). Effects of antidiabetic medications on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. Ageing research reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2025.102834
Vancouver
Cozza A, Chinigò C, Filicetti E, Greco GI, Lappano R, Marinaro C, et al. Effects of antidiabetic medications on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. Ageing research reviews. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102834. PMID: 40659290.
BibTeX
@article{cozza2025-40659290,
author = {Cozza, A. and Chinigò, C. and Filicetti, E. and Greco, G. I. and Lappano, R. and Marinaro, C. and Muglia, L. and Soraci, L. and others},
title = {{Effects of antidiabetic medications on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment}},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2025.102834},
pmid = {40659290},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2025.102834}
}
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Key findings
- Notably, T2DM is strongly associated with neurodegenerative conditions, ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 41 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Ageing research reviews) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40659290) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 24 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 41 out of 100. |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
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