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Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain
Florence M. Hofman, David R. Hinton, K. P. Johnson, J E Merrill. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1989-08-01
Topic: Inflammation, microglia and astrocytes
Frozen brain specimens from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurologic diseases were analyzed using immunocytochemical techniques for the presence of TNF. In brain lesions in MS, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, TNF+ cells were demonstrated. At the lesion site in MS, TNF+ staining is associated with both astrocytes and macrophages. These observations were not made in Alzheimer's disease or normal brain tissue. The presence of TNF in MS lesions suggests a significant role for cytokines and the immune response in disease progression.
Key findings
- In brain lesions in MS, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, TNF+ cells were demonstrated.
- At the lesion site in MS, TNF+ staining is associated with both astrocytes and macrophages.
- The presence of TNF in MS lesions suggests a significant role for cytokines and the immune response in disease progression.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of Experimental Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1989 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 2754393) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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APA 7th
Hofman, F. M., Hinton, D. R., Johnson, K. P., & Merrill, J. E. (1989). Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.170.2.607
Vancouver
Hofman FM, Hinton DR, Johnson KP, Merrill JE. Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1989. doi:10.1084/jem.170.2.607. PMID: 2754393.
BibTeX
@article{hofman1989-2754393,
author = {Hofman, Florence M. and Hinton, David R. and Johnson, K. P. and Merrill, J E},
title = {{Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain}},
journal = {The Journal of Experimental Medicine},
year = {1989},
doi = {10.1084/jem.170.2.607},
pmid = {2754393},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.170.2.607}
}