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Factors associated with cognitive reserve according to education level
Yeshin Kim, Yaakov Stern, Sang Won Seo, Duk L Na, Jae-Won Jang, Hyemin Jang, Cognitive Reserve Research Group of Korea Dementia Association. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024-09-10
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
In the low-education group, low literacy, long sleep duration(>8 h/day), and diabetes were negatively associated with CR, whereas cognitive and physical activity were positively associated with CR. In the high-education group, cognitive activity was positively related to CR, whereas low literacy, long sleep duration (> 8 h/day), and depression were negatively related to CR. This study provides insights into different strategies for enhancing CR based on educational background. HIGHLIGHTS: Factors associated with cognitive reserve (CR) varied according to the education level. Diabetes and physical activity were associated with CR in the low-education group. Depression was related to CR in the high-education group. Low literacy, sleep duration, and cognitive activity were associated with CR in both groups. Dementia-prevention strategies should be tailored according to educational level.
Key findings
- In the low-education group, low literacy, long sleep duration(>8 h/day), and diabetes were negatively associated with CR, whereas cognitive and physical activity were positively associated with CR.
- In the high-education group, cognitive activity was positively related to CR, whereas low literacy, long sleep duration (> 8 h/day), and depression were negatively related to CR.
- This study provides insights into different strategies for enhancing CR based on educational background.
- HIGHLIGHTS: Factors associated with cognitive reserve (CR) varied according to the education level.
- Diabetes and physical activity were associated with CR in the low-education group.
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Study details
- Participants1,247
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 57/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 32 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 57 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 1,247 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39254221) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 32 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 32 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 57 out of 100. |
| Total | 57 / 100 | — |
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Kim, Y., Stern, Y., Seo, S. W., Na, D. L., Jang, J.-W., Jang, H., et al. (2024). Factors associated with cognitive reserve according to education level. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14236
Vancouver
Kim Y, Stern Y, Seo SW, Na DL, Jang J.-W, Jang H, et al. Factors associated with cognitive reserve according to education level. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2024. doi:10.1002/alz.14236. PMID: 39254221.
BibTeX
@article{kim2024-39254221,
author = {Kim, Yeshin and Stern, Yaakov and Seo, Sang Won and Na, Duk L and Jang, Jae-Won and Jang, Hyemin and {Cognitive Reserve Research Group of Korea Dementia Association}},
title = {{Factors associated with cognitive reserve according to education level}},
journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1002/alz.14236},
pmid = {39254221},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14236}
}
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