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Cognitive Trajectories and Dementia Risk: A Comparison of Two Cognitive Reserve Measures
Federico Gallo, Grégoria Kalpouzos, Erika J Laukka, Rui Wang, Chengxuan Qiu, Lars Bäckman, Anna Marseglia, Laura Fratiglioni et al.. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021-08-25
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
Both reserve measures were associated with cognitive trajectories [β × time (top tertile, ref.: bottom tertile) = 0.013; 95% CI: -0.126, -0.004 (residual-based) and 0.011; 95% CI: -0.001, 0.024, (activity-based)]. Residual-based, but not activity-based reserve mitigated the impact of brain integrity on cognitive decline [β (top tertile × time × brain integrity) = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.043, 0.001] and predicted 12-year dementia incidence, after accounting for the brain-integrity status [HR (top tertile) = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.58]. The operationalization of reserve based on residual cognitive performance may represent a more direct measure of CR than an activity-based approach. Ultimately, the two models of CR serve largely different aims. Accounting for brain integrity is essential in any model of reserve.
Key findings
- Both reserve measures were associated with cognitive trajectories [β × time (top tertile, ref.: bottom tertile) = 0.013; 95% CI: -0.126, -0.004 (residual-based) and 0.011; 95% CI: -0.001, 0.024, (activity-based)].
- Residual-based, but not activity-based reserve mitigated the impact of brain integrity on cognitive decline [β (top tertile × time × brain integrity) = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.043, 0.001] and predicted 12-year dementia incidence, after accounting for the brain-integrity status [HR (top tertile) = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.58].
- The operationalization of reserve based on residual cognitive performance may represent a more direct measure of CR than an activity-based approach.
- Ultimately, the two models of CR serve largely different aims.
- Accounting for brain integrity is essential in any model of reserve.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 41 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in aging neuroscience) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34512313) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 23 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 41 out of 100. |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Gallo, F., Kalpouzos, G., Laukka, E. J., Wang, R., Qiu, C., Bäckman, L., et al. (2021). Cognitive Trajectories and Dementia Risk: A Comparison of Two Cognitive Reserve Measures. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.737736
Vancouver
Gallo F, Kalpouzos G, Laukka EJ, Wang R, Qiu C, Bäckman L, et al. Cognitive Trajectories and Dementia Risk: A Comparison of Two Cognitive Reserve Measures. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2021. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.737736. PMID: 34512313.
BibTeX
@article{gallo2021-34512313,
author = {Gallo, Federico and Kalpouzos, Grégoria and Laukka, Erika J and Wang, Rui and Qiu, Chengxuan and Bäckman, Lars and Marseglia, Anna and Fratiglioni, Laura and others},
title = {{Cognitive Trajectories and Dementia Risk: A Comparison of Two Cognitive Reserve Measures}},
journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2021.737736},
pmid = {34512313},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.737736}
}
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