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Factors associated with anxiety, stress, depression and burden among informal caregivers of patients with dementia: a cross-sectional study
Sofía Garrido, Sónia Manuela Almeida Teixeira, Gérard Lopez, Francisco Leonardo de Araújo Sampaio. BMC Nursing, 2025-11-11
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
A total of 414 caregivers participated. They exhibited normal intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology. Several variables significantly related to these outcomes were identified and quantified. The mean CBS score was 54.3 ± 17.8 (range 22–110) and was associated to caregiver age, years in the caregiver role, hours of daily care, and participation in leisure or relaxation activities. Positive mental health and psychological vulnerability were significant explanatory factors for all assessed outcomes. Greater time dedicated to caregiving and reduced engagement in leisure or relaxation activities were significantly associated with higher burden. The level of positive mental health is a robust associated factor of mental health issues among caregivers.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Garrido, S., Teixeira, S. M. A., Lopez, G., & Sampaio, F. L. d. A. (2025). Factors associated with anxiety, stress, depression and burden among informal caregivers of patients with dementia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-04014-8
Vancouver
Garrido S, Teixeira SMA, Lopez G, Sampaio FLdA. Factors associated with anxiety, stress, depression and burden among informal caregivers of patients with dementia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing. 2025. doi:10.1186/s12912-025-04014-8. PMID: 41219763.
BibTeX
@article{garrido2025-41219763,
author = {Garrido, Sofía and Teixeira, Sónia Manuela Almeida and Lopez, Gérard and Sampaio, Francisco Leonardo de Araújo},
title = {{Factors associated with anxiety, stress, depression and burden among informal caregivers of patients with dementia: a cross-sectional study}},
journal = {BMC Nursing},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1186/s12912-025-04014-8},
pmid = {41219763},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-04014-8}
}
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Key findings
- They exhibited normal intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology.
- Several variables significantly related to these outcomes were identified and quantified.
- The mean CBS score was 54.3 ± 17.8 (range 22–110) and was associated to caregiver age, years in the caregiver role, hours of daily care, and participation in leisure or relaxation activities.
- Positive mental health and psychological vulnerability were significant explanatory factors for all assessed outcomes.
- Greater time dedicated to caregiving and reduced engagement in leisure or relaxation activities were significantly associated with higher burden.
Why it matters
Caregivers in this study exhibited normal intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and greater time spent caregiving and less engagement in leisure or relaxation activities were associated with higher burden. Positive mental health was a robust factor associated with mental health issues among caregivers.
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Study details
- Participants414
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 42/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (BMC Nursing) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | BMC Nursing: journal h-index 100 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 414 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 7 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 2.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 7.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 7 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 1 / 4 | Last-listed author Francisco Sampaio: h-index 18 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Universidade do Porto: institution h-index 646 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41219763) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 42 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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