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Evaluation of Blood-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome
Jun-Won Yoon, Chan-Sik Nam, Kwang-Sup Lee, Tae-Jung Dan, Hee-Jung Jeon, Mi-Ae Kang, Hee-Myung Park. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025-07-04
Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers
Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in aging dogs and serves as a natural model for Alzheimer's disease in humans. This study evaluated blood biomarkers-amyloid-beta (Aβ40, Aβ42), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-for diagnosing and staging CDS and assessed whether combining biomarkers with behavioral questionnaires improves diagnostic reliability. Seventy-seven dogs, including healthy controls and CDS cases, were assessed using the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale (CCDR), Canine Dementia Scale (CADES), and Canine Cognitive Assessment Scale (CCAS). Plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, and serum NfL levels were measured via ELISA. While Aβ40, Aβ42, and GFAP were not significantly associated with CDS stage, serum NfL levels were elevated (p < 0.05) across all questionnaires. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.763 (CCDR), 0.722 (CADES), and 0.777 (CCAS), with cut-off values around 18.28-43.13 pg/mL. NfL shows promise as a blood biomarker correlated with CDS severity. Combining serum NfL measurements with questionnaire assessments may enhance diagnostic accuracy for CDS in veterinary practice.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Yoon, J.-W., Nam, C.-S., Lee, K.-S., Dan, T.-J., Jeon, H.-J., Kang, M.-A., et al. (2025). Evaluation of Blood-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131974
Vancouver
Yoon J.-W, Nam C.-S, Lee K.-S, Dan T.-J, Jeon H.-J, Kang M.-A, et al. Evaluation of Blood-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. 2025. doi:10.3390/ani15131974. PMID: 40646873.
BibTeX
@article{yoon2025-40646873,
author = {Yoon, Jun-Won and Nam, Chan-Sik and Lee, Kwang-Sup and Dan, Tae-Jung and Jeon, Hee-Jung and Kang, Mi-Ae and Park, Hee-Myung},
title = {{Evaluation of Blood-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome}},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.3390/ani15131974},
pmid = {40646873},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131974}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- While Aβ40, Aβ42, and GFAP were not significantly associated with CDS stage, serum NfL levels were elevated (p < 0.05) across all questionnaires.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 43 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Laboratory or animal study (title names “canine”) — scores zero |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40646873) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 24 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 43 out of 100. |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
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