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45/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Disparities

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

Ethnoracial identity was significantly associated with the likelihood of ACP engagement. The association between ethnoracial identity and the number of ACP engagement was significant after adjusting for covariates. Non-Hispanic Black (Risk Ratio [RR] = 0.670, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [0.607, 0.740]) and Hispanic (RR= 0.597, 95% CI = [0.518, 0.688]) individuals with ADRD engaged in fewer ACP than non-Hispanic White counterparts. Factors such as gender, marital status, household wealth and income, number of ADL difficulty, number of health conditions, self-rated health, and nursing home residency were differentially associated with the number of ACP engagement among three ethnoracial groups. The prevalence of engagement in ACP varies across ethnoracial groups. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals are less likely to engage in various aspects of ACP than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Race/ethnicity-specific correlates of ACP should be considered to develop equitable strategies that promote ACP among diverse populations.

What this study adds

Evidence grade: Low

The record lists 5,420 participants. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic people with ADRD engaged in fewer advance care planning activities than non-Hispanic White counterparts. Reported effect size: RR= 0.597.

Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Amano, T., Inoue, M., Dixit, S., & Tarafder, A. J. (2025). Ethnoracial Disparities in Advance Care Planning Among People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2025.06.006

Vancouver

Amano T, Inoue M, Dixit S, Tarafder AJ. Ethnoracial Disparities in Advance Care Planning Among People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2025.06.006. PMID: 40628581.

BibTeX

@article{amano2025-40628581,
  author  = {Amano, Takashi and Inoue, Megumi and Dixit, Sharmilee and Tarafder, A J},
  title   = {{Ethnoracial Disparities in Advance Care Planning Among People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias}},
  journal = {American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.jagp.2025.06.006},
  pmid    = {40628581},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2025.06.006}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: our record does not state a study design, so check the methods section of the original before weighing the result.
Size: the record lists 5,420 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record reports “RR= 0.597”. A statistically significant result can still be small in daily life.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

New to reading papers? Six questions to ask of any Alzheimer’s study · how we score.

Key findings

Ethnoracial identity was significantly associated with the likelihood of ACP engagement.
The association between ethnoracial identity and the number of ACP engagement was significant after adjusting for covariates.
Non-Hispanic Black (Risk Ratio [RR] = 0.670, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = [0.607, 0.740]) and Hispanic (RR= 0.597, 95% CI = [0.518, 0.688]) individuals with ADRD engaged in fewer ACP than non-Hispanic White counterparts.
Factors such as gender, marital status, household wealth and income, number of ADL difficulty, number of health conditions, self-rated health, and nursing home residency were differentially associated with the number of ACP engagement among three ethnoracial groups.
The prevalence of engagement in ACP varies across ethnoracial groups.

Why it matters

Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic people with ADRD engaged in fewer advance care planning activities than non-Hispanic White counterparts. This is about care planning disparities, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Disparities →

Study details

Participants5,420
Effect sizeRR= 0.597
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 45/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 43 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: journal h-index 178 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	3 / 4	5,420 participants
Effect reported	3 / 3	Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	0 / 5	0.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	2 / 6	Cited 1.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	1 / 6	Cited by 1 other studies in this library
Still being cited	0 / 4	Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey: institution h-index 1,147 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40628581)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Points	43 / 96	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 43 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100.
Total	45 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

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