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79/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 79 out of 100. Disparities

Topic: Genetics and APOE

Among 91,881 participants (mean age 59.3 at baseline, 55.0% female participants), 16,507 incident ADRD cases were identified from Medicare claims (1999-2016, mean follow-up 9.3 years). The PAF for nongenetic factors combined was similar in men (24.0% [95% CI 21.3-26.6]) and women (22.8% [20.3-25.2]) but varied across Japanese American (14.2% [11.1-17.2]), White (21.9% [19.0-24.7]), African American (27.8% [22.3-33.0]), Native Hawaiian (29.3% [21.0-36.7]), and Latino (33.3% [27.5-38.5]) groups. The combined PAF was attenuated when accounting for competing risk of death, in both men (10.4%) and women (13.9%) and across racial and ethnic groups (4.7%-25.5%). The combined PAF was also different by age at diagnosis and ADRD subtypes, higher for younger (65-74 years: 43.2%) than older (75-84 years: 32.4%; ≥85 years: 11.3%) diagnoses and higher for vascular or unspecified ADRD than for AD or Lewy body dementia. An additional PAF of 11.8% (9.9-13.6) was associated with APOE ε4, which together with nongenetic risk factors accounted for 30.6% (25.8-35.1) of ADRD. Known risk factors explained about a third of the ADRD cases but with unequal distributions across racial and ethnic groups.

Key findings

Among 91,881 participants (mean age 59.3 at baseline, 55.0% female participants), 16,507 incident ADRD cases were identified from Medicare claims (1999-2016, mean follow-up 9.3 years).
The PAF for nongenetic factors combined was similar in men (24.0% [95% CI 21.3-26.6]) and women (22.8% [20.3-25.2]) but varied across Japanese American (14.2% [11.1-17.2]), White (21.9% [19.0-24.7]), African American (27.8% [22.3-33.0]), Native Hawaiian (29.3% [21.0-36.7]), and Latino (33.3% [27.5-38.5]) groups.
The combined PAF was attenuated when accounting for competing risk of death, in both men (10.4%) and women (13.9%) and across racial and ethnic groups (4.7%-25.5%).
The combined PAF was also different by age at diagnosis and ADRD subtypes, higher for younger (65-74 years: 43.2%) than older (75-84 years: 32.4%; ≥85 years: 11.3%) diagnoses and higher for vascular or unspecified ADRD than for AD or Lewy body dementia.
An additional PAF of 11.8% (9.9-13.6) was associated with APOE ε4, which together with nongenetic risk factors accounted for 30.6% (25.8-35.1) of ADRD.

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Study details

Study designcohort study
Participants91,881
Effect size55.0%; 24.0%; 22.8%
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 79/100

Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 44 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 79 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	9 / 10	Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	7 / 12	A cohort study following people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	4 / 4	91,881 participants
Effect reported	2 / 3	Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	— / 7	No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score
Citations per year	— / 5	No citation count or no year — left out of this score
Impact for its field and year	— / 6	No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score
Cited by studies here	— / 6	Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score
Still being cited	— / 4	No yearly citation counts — left out of this score
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	— / 3	No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multi-centre collaboration	— / 3	Institutions not listed — left out of this score
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 38232335)
Free to read	— / 2	Access not recorded — left out of this score
Points	44 / 56	Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 44 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 79 out of 100.
Total	79 / 100	—

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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

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APA 7th

Park, S.-Y., Setiawan, V. W., Crimmins, E. M., White, L. R., Wu, A. H., Cheng, I., et al. (2024). Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Population-Attributable Fractions of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000208116

Vancouver

Park S.-Y, Setiawan VW, Crimmins EM, White LR, Wu AH, Cheng I, et al. Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Population-Attributable Fractions of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Neurology. 2024. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000208116. PMID: 38232335.

BibTeX

@article{park2024-38232335,
  author  = {Park, Song-Yi and Setiawan, Veronica Wendy and Crimmins, Eileen M and White, Lon R and Wu, Anna H and Cheng, Iona and Darst, Burcu F and Haiman, Christopher A and others},
  title   = {{Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Population-Attributable Fractions of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1212/wnl.0000000000208116},
  pmid    = {38232335},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000208116}
}

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