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Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people: prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Di Carlo A, Baldereschi M, Amaducci L, Maggi S, Grigoletto F, Scarlato G, Inzitari D.. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2000-07-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objectives To investigate prevalence of "cognitive impairment, no dementia" (CIND) in the Italian older population, evaluating the association with cardiovascular disease and the impact on activities of daily living (ADL). CIND may provide pathogenic clues to dementia and independently affect ADL. Design Cross-sectional examination in the context of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Setting Random population sample from eight Italian municipalities. Participants A total of 3,425 individuals aged 65-84 years, residing in the community or institutionalized. Measurements Study participants were screened for cognitive impairment by using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Trained neurologists examined those scoring Results Prevalence was 10.7% for CIND and 7.5% for ARCD, increased with age, and was higher in women. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.12), stroke (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.26-3.35) and heart failure (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.11-2.68) were significantly and positively associated with CIND at multivariate analysis. Education (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.56-0.65) and smoking (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98) showed a negative correlation. Age and myocardial infarction were positively associated with ARCD, whereas a negative correlation was found for education and smoking. The effect of smoking was no more significant either on CIND or ARCD considering current habits or "pack year" exposure. CIND showed an independent impact on ADL (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.41-2.49). Conclusions CIND is very frequent in older people. The effect of demographic variables and vascular conditions offers opportunities for prevention. The association with functional impairment is useful to evaluate the burden of disability and healthcare demands.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Di Carlo, A., Baldereschi, M., Amaducci, L., Maggi, S., Grigoletto, F., Scarlato, G., et al. (2000). Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people: prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04752.x
Vancouver
Di Carlo A, Baldereschi M, Amaducci L, Maggi S, Grigoletto F, Scarlato G, et al. Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people: prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2000. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04752.x. PMID: 10894316.
BibTeX
@article{dicarlo2000-10894316,
author = {Di Carlo, A. and Baldereschi, M. and Amaducci, L. and Maggi, S. and Grigoletto, F. and Scarlato, G. and Inzitari, D.},
title = {{Cognitive impairment without dementia in older people: prevalence, vascular risk factors, impact on disability. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging}},
journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
year = {2000},
doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04752.x},
pmid = {10894316},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04752.x}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Trained neurologists examined those scoring Results Prevalence was 10.7% for CIND and 7.5% for ARCD, increased with age, and was higher in women.
- Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.12), stroke (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.26-3.35) and heart failure (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.11-2.68) were significantly and positively associated with CIND at multivariate analysis.
- Age and myocardial infarction were positively associated with ARCD, whereas a negative correlation was found for education and smoking.
- The effect of smoking was no more significant either on CIND or ARCD considering current habits or "pack year" exposure.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study found that stroke and heart failure were significantly associated with cognitive impairment without dementia, while education and smoking showed negative correlations. Because it is cross-sectional, it cannot show whether these factors cause cognitive impairment or dementia.
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Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Participants3,425
- Effect size10.7%; 7.5%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 60/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 58 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 60 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society: journal h-index 344 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2000 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 3,425 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 303 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 10.8 citations a year over 28 year(s) since 2000 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 8.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 17 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 7 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Padua: institution h-index 1,158 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 10894316) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 58 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 58 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 60 out of 100. |
| Total | 60 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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