Cognitive Age Delta as a Marker of Healthy and Pathological Cognitive Aging: The Role of Lifestyle, Cognitive Reserve, and Vascular Risk
Ainara Estanga, Iñigo Tellaetxe Elorriaga, Mirian Ecay‐Torres, Jorge García Condado, Maite García‐Sebastián, Maria de Arriba-Garcia, Carolina López, Naia Ros et al.. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2025-11-18
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
CAD did not differ across biomarker groups (Kruskal–Wallis H(2) = 0.17, p = 0.91). Median (IQR) CAD values were 0.28 (−4.13, 4.69) for CUA−V−, −0.14 (−3.15, 2.87) for CUA+, and 0.77 (−2.22, 3.76) for CUV+, indicating comparable distributions. Higher vocabulary scores (proxy of cognitive reserve) related to a younger cognitive age in CUA−V− (β = −1.39, p 0.05). CAD captures interindividual resilience-related variability beyond classical AD biomarkers. Vocabulary, a marker of lifelong enrichment, emerged as a robust determinant of a younger cognitive age, while amyloid and vascular pathology exerted limited influence at preclinical stages. These findings support CAD as a sensitive, scalable endpoint for identifying protective factors and guiding personalized prevention in early Aging.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Estanga, A., Elorriaga, I. T., Ecay‐Torres, M., Condado, J. G., García‐Sebastián, M., de Arriba-Garcia, M., et al. (2025). Cognitive Age Delta as a Marker of Healthy and Pathological Cognitive Aging: The Role of Lifestyle, Cognitive Reserve, and Vascular Risk. Journal of Clinical Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228176
Vancouver
Estanga A, Elorriaga IT, Ecay‐Torres M, Condado JG, García‐Sebastián M, de Arriba-Garcia M, et al. Cognitive Age Delta as a Marker of Healthy and Pathological Cognitive Aging: The Role of Lifestyle, Cognitive Reserve, and Vascular Risk. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025. doi:10.3390/jcm14228176. PMID: 41303210.
BibTeX
@article{estanga2025-41303210,
author = {Estanga, Ainara and Elorriaga, Iñigo Tellaetxe and Ecay‐Torres, Mirian and Condado, Jorge García and García‐Sebastián, Maite and de Arriba-Garcia, Maria and López, Carolina and Ros, Naia and others},
title = {{Cognitive Age Delta as a Marker of Healthy and Pathological Cognitive Aging: The Role of Lifestyle, Cognitive Reserve, and Vascular Risk}},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14228176},
pmid = {41303210},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228176}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- CAD did not differ across biomarker groups (Kruskal–Wallis H(2) = 0.17, p = 0.91).
- Median (IQR) CAD values were 0.28 (−4.13, 4.69) for CUA−V−, −0.14 (−3.15, 2.87) for CUA+, and 0.77 (−2.22, 3.76) for CUV+, indicating comparable distributions.
- Higher vocabulary scores (proxy of cognitive reserve) related to a younger cognitive age in CUA−V− (β = −1.39, p 0.05).
- CAD captures interindividual resilience-related variability beyond classical AD biomarkers.
- Vocabulary, a marker of lifelong enrichment, emerged as a robust determinant of a younger cognitive age, while amyloid and vascular pathology exerted limited influence at preclinical stages.
Why it matters
This study found that cognitive age did not differ across biomarker groups, but higher vocabulary scores, a proxy for cognitive reserve, were related to a younger cognitive age. Amyloid and vascular pathology had limited influence at preclinical stages, suggesting that cognitive reserve may help identify protective factors for prevention.
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Study details
- Participants140
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Clinical Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Journal of Clinical Medicine: journal h-index 188 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 140 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Miren Altuna: h-index 23 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | University of the Basque Country: institution h-index 510 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 7 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41303210) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.3390/jcm14228176
- PubMed: 41303210
- Original source →
- Free full text: Journal of Clinical Medicine →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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