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Association Between Apolipoprotein E ε2 vs ε4, Age, and β-Amyloid in Adults Without Cognitive Impairment
Insel PS, Hansson O, Mattsson-Carlgren N.. JAMA neurology, 2021-02-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Objective To determine whether the ε2 allele is protective against Aβ accumulation in the presence of the ε4 allele and evaluate how age and the APOE genotype are associated with emerging Aβ accumulation and cognitive dysfunction. Results A total of 4432 participants were included (mean [SD] age, 71.3 [4.7] years; 2634 women [59.4%]), with a mean (SD) of 16.6 (2.8) years of education and 1512 (34.1%) with a positive Aβ level. APOE ε2 was associated with a reduction in both the overall (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVR], ε24, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08-1.14]; ε34, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.17-1.19]) and the age-dependent level of Aβ in the presence of ε4, with Aβ levels in the APOE ε24 group (n = 115; ε24, 0.005 SUVR increase per year of age) increasing at less than half the rate with respect to increasing age compared with the APOE ε34 group (n = 1295; 0.012 SUVR increase per year of age; P = .04). The association between Aβ and decreasing Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite scores did not differ by APOE genotype, and the reduced performance on the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite in APOE ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers was completely mediated by Aβ (unadjusted difference in composite scores between ε4 carriers and noncarriers = -0.084, P = .005; after adjusting for 18F-florbetapir = -0.006, P = .85; after adjusting for 18F-florbetapir and cardiovascular scores = -0.009, P = .78). Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that the protective outcome of carrying an ε2 allele in the presence of an ε4 allele against Aβ accumulation is important for potential treatments that attempt to biochemically mimic the function of the ε2 allele in order to facilitate Aβ clearance in ε4 carriers.
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APA 7th
Insel, P. S., Hansson, O., & Mattsson-Carlgren, N. (2021). Association Between Apolipoprotein E ε2 vs ε4, Age, and β-Amyloid in Adults Without Cognitive Impairment. JAMA neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3780
Vancouver
Insel PS, Hansson O, Mattsson-Carlgren N. Association Between Apolipoprotein E ε2 vs ε4, Age, and β-Amyloid in Adults Without Cognitive Impairment. JAMA neurology. 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3780. PMID: 33044487.
BibTeX
@article{insel2021-33044487,
author = {Insel, P. S. and Hansson, O. and Mattsson-Carlgren, N.},
title = {{Association Between Apolipoprotein E ε2 vs ε4, Age, and β-Amyloid in Adults Without Cognitive Impairment}},
journal = {JAMA neurology},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3780},
pmid = {33044487},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3780}
}
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Key findings
- Objective To determine whether the ε2 allele is protective against Aβ accumulation in the presence of the ε4 allele and evaluate how age and the APOE genotype are associated with emerging Aβ accumulation and cognitive dysfunction.
- Results A total of 4432 participants were included (mean [SD] age, 71.3 [4.7] years; 2634 women [59.4%]), with a mean (SD) of 16.6 (2.8) years of education and 1512 (34.1%) with a positive Aβ level.
- APOE ε2 was associated with a reduction in both the overall (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVR], ε24, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08-1.14]; ε34, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.17-1.19]) and the age-dependent level of Aβ in the presence of ε4, with Aβ levels in the APOE ε24 group (n = 115; ε24, 0.005 SUVR increase per year of age) increasing at less than half the rate with respect to increasing age compared with the APOE ε34 group (n = 1295; 0.012 SUVR increase per year of age; P = .04).
- The association between Aβ and decreasing Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite scores did not differ by APOE genotype, and the reduced performance on the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite in APOE ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers was completely mediated by Aβ (unadjusted difference in composite scores between ε4 carriers and noncarriers = -0.084, P = .005; after adjusting for 18F-florbetapir = -0.006, P = .85; after adjusting for 18F-florbetapir and cardiovascular scores = -0.009, P = .78).
- Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that the protective outcome of carrying an ε2 allele in the presence of an ε4 allele against Aβ accumulation is important for potential treatments that attempt to biochemically mimic the function of the ε2 allele in order to facilitate Aβ clearance in ε4 carriers.
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Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Participants115
- Effect size59.4%; 34.1%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 62/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record and institution's track record, so those were left out: it earned 38 of the 61 points we could judge it on, which is 62 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (JAMA neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 115 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | PubMed indexes it as a multicentre study |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 33044487) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 38 / 61 | Scored on 12 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 38 of the 61 points we could judge it on is 62 out of 100. |
| Total | 62 / 100 | — |
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