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Alzheimer's disease treated patients showed different patterns for oxidative stress and inflammation markers
Gubandru M, Margina D, Tsitsimpikou C, Goutzourelas N, Tsarouhas K, Ilie M, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2013-07-16
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia accounting for 60-80% of the reported cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of certain parameters of oxidative stress and markers of endothelial dysfunction in the blood of 21 AD patients under standard treatment compared with 10 controls, in an attempt to elucidate the contribution of AD to the total oxidative stress status of the patients. Results indicate that IL-6, TNF-α, ADMA and homocysteine levels were significantly elevated in AD patients. Protein carbonyls levels were higher in AD group, while glutathione reductase and total antioxidant capacity were lower, depicting decreased defense ability against reactive oxygen species. Besides, a higher level of advanced glycation end-products was observed in AD patients. Depending on the treatment received, a distinct inflammatory and oxidative stress profile was observed: in Rivastigmine-treated group, IL6 levels were 47% lower than the average value of the remaining AD patients; homocysteine and glutathione reductase were statistically unchanged in the Rivastigmine and Donepezil-Memantine, respectively Donepezil group. Although the study is based on a limited population, the results could constitute the basis for further studies regarding the effect of medication and diet on AD patients.
Key findings
- The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of certain parameters of oxidative stress and markers of endothelial dysfunction in the blood of 21 AD patients under standard treatment compared with 10 controls, in an attempt to elucidate the contribution of AD to the total oxidative stress status of the patients.
- Results indicate that IL-6, TNF-α, ADMA and homocysteine levels were significantly elevated in AD patients.
- Although the study is based on a limited population, the results could constitute the basis for further studies regarding the effect of medication and diet on AD patients.
Why it matters
Comparing blood from 21 treated Alzheimer's patients with 10 controls, researchers found higher inflammation and oxidative stress markers, including IL-6, TNF-α and homocysteine, and lower antioxidant defences in the patients. Profiles differed by medication, with IL6 47% lower in the Rivastigmine-treated group than in other patients. The authors note the small group size and see the results as a basis for future studies on how medicines and diet affect these markers.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 44/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Food and Chemical Toxicology: journal h-index 260 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2013 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (pubmed indexes it as a clinical or observational study) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 102 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 6.8 citations a year over 15 year(s) since 2013 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 4.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 17 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Demetrios Kouretas: h-index 60 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | University of Crete: institution h-index 462 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 23871825) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 44 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Gubandru, M., Margina, D., Tsitsimpikou, C., Goutzourelas, N., Tsarouhas, K., Ilie, M., et al. (2013). Alzheimer's disease treated patients showed different patterns for oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.013
Vancouver
Gubandru M, Margina D, Tsitsimpikou C, Goutzourelas N, Tsarouhas K, Ilie M, et al. Alzheimer's disease treated patients showed different patterns for oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.013. PMID: 23871825.
BibTeX
@article{gubandru2013-23871825,
author = {Gubandru, M. and Margina, D. and Tsitsimpikou, C. and Goutzourelas, N. and Tsarouhas, K. and Ilie, M. and Tsatsakis, A. M. and Kouretas, D.},
title = {{Alzheimer's disease treated patients showed different patterns for oxidative stress and inflammation markers}},
journal = {Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.013},
pmid = {23871825},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.013}
}
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