Inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: therapeutic implications
Candore G, Bulati M, Caruso C, Castiglia L, Colonna-Romano G, Di Bona D, Duro G, Lio D et al.. Rejuvenation research, 2010-04-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and progressive neurodegenerative disease, which in Western society mainly accounts for senile dementia. Today many countries have rising aging populations and are facing an increased prevalence of age-related diseases, such as AD, with increasing health-care costs. Understanding the pathophysiology process of AD plays a prominent role in new strategies for extending the health of the elderly population. Considering the future epidemic of AD, prevention and treatment are important goals of ongoing research. However, a better understanding of AD pathophysiology must be accomplished to make this objective feasible. In this paper, we review some hot topics concerning AD pathophysiology that have an important impact on therapeutic perspectives. Hence, we have focused our attention on inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E (APOE), cholesterol, oxidative stress, as well as exploring the related therapeutic possibilities, i.e., nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, cytokine blocking antibodies, immunotherapy, diet, and curcumin.
Key findings
- Understanding the pathophysiology process of AD plays a prominent role in new strategies for extending the health of the elderly population.
- Considering the future epidemic of AD, prevention and treatment are important goals of ongoing research.
- However, a better understanding of AD pathophysiology must be accomplished to make this objective feasible.
- In this paper, we review some hot topics concerning AD pathophysiology that have an important impact on therapeutic perspectives.
- Hence, we have focused our attention on inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E (APOE), cholesterol, oxidative stress, as well as exploring the related therapeutic possibilities, i.e., nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, cytokine blocking antibodies, immunotherapy, diet, and curcumin.
Why it matters
This review discusses inflammation, cytokines, immune response, APOE, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease and explores related therapeutic possibilities such as anti-inflammatory drugs, immunotherapy, diet, and curcumin. It is a review of hypotheses and does not provide evidence that any of these approaches prevents or cures the disease.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 38/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Rejuvenation research) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Rejuvenation Research: journal h-index 85 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2010 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 92 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 5.1 citations a year over 18 year(s) since 2010 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 5.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 1 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 10 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Sonya Vasto: h-index 45 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | National Research Council: institution h-index 840 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 20462385) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 38 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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APA 7th
Candore, G., Bulati, M., Caruso, C., Castiglia, L., Colonna-Romano, G., Di Bona, D., et al. (2010). Inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: therapeutic implications. Rejuvenation research. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2009.0993
Vancouver
Candore G, Bulati M, Caruso C, Castiglia L, Colonna-Romano G, Di Bona D, et al. Inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: therapeutic implications. Rejuvenation research. 2010. doi:10.1089/rej.2009.0993. PMID: 20462385.
BibTeX
@article{candore2010-20462385,
author = {Candore, G. and Bulati, M. and Caruso, C. and Castiglia, L. and Colonna-Romano, G. and Di Bona, D. and Duro, G. and Lio, D. and others},
title = {{Inflammation, cytokines, immune response, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: therapeutic implications}},
journal = {Rejuvenation research},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1089/rej.2009.0993},
pmid = {20462385},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2009.0993}
}
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