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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 26–50 of 542 studies in Long-term cohort studies (page 2 of 22) · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Long-term cohort studies” covers

Long-term cohort studies — Large groups of people followed for years, tracking who develops dementia and what came before it.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Cerebral Perfusion and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Circulation 2017-06-06

Cerebral hypoperfusion has previously been associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in various cross-sectional studies, but whether hypoperfusion precedes neurodegeneration is unknown. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 4,759 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Individualized prognosis of cognitive decline and dementia in mild cognitive impairment based on plasma biomarker combinations

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Nature aging 2020-11-30

We developed models for individualized risk prediction of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using plasma biomarkers of β-amyloid (Aβ), tau and neurodegeneration. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 573 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Relation between smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Rotterdam Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Neurology 2007-09-01

We re-assessed after longer follow-up time in the large population-based cohort of the Rotterdam Study whether smoking habits and pack-years of smoking are associated with the risk of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 6,868 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Association of Accelerometer-Measured Light-Intensity Physical Activity With Brain Volume: The Framingham Heart Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. JAMA network open 2019-04-05

Dementia risk may be attenuated by physical activity (PA); however, the specific activity levels optimal for dementia prevention are unclear. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 1,604 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

External validation of four dementia prediction models for use in the general community-dwelling population: a comparative analysis from the Rotterdam Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. European journal of epidemiology 2018-05-08

To systematically review the literature for dementia prediction models for use in the general population and externally validate their performance in a head-to-head comparison. 4 key findings →

Participants: 867 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of Multimorbidity, Disease Clusters, and Modification by Genetic Factors With Risk of Dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. JAMA network open 2022-09-01

Individual conditions have been identified as risk factors for dementia; however, it is important to consider the role of multimorbidity, as conditions often co-occur. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 960 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of Bone Mineral Density and Dementia: The Rotterdam Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Neurology 2023-03-22

Low bone mineral density (BMD) and dementia commonly co-occur in older individuals, with bone loss accelerating in patients with dementia due to physical inactivity and poor nutrition. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 3,651 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Blood-Based Protein Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Archives of Neurology 2012-07-17

A biomarker panel was identified that included markers significantly increased (cortisol, pancreatic polypeptide, insulinlike growth factor binding protein 2, β(2) microglobulin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, carcinoembryonic antigen, matrix metalloprotein 2, CD40, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, superoxide dismutase, and homocysteine) and decreased (apolipoprotein E, epidermal growth factor receptor, hemoglobin, calcium, zinc, interleukin 17, and albumin) in AD. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 207 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Characterizing Heterogeneity in Neuroimaging, Cognition, Clinical Symptoms, and Genetics Among Patients With Late-Life Depression

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. JAMA psychiatry 2022-05-01

Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 996 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Peripheral immunity is associated with the risk of incident dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Molecular psychiatry 2022-01-25

Central immunity components especially microglia in dementia have been well studied and corresponding immunotherapy gradually caught the attention. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 361,653 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Dementia is an age-independent risk factor for severity and death in COVID-19 inpatients

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2021-04-21

Dementia has been associated with COVID-19 prevalence, but whether this reflects higher infection, older age of patients, or disease severity remains unclear. 4 key findings →

Participants: 1,814 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Genome-wide meta-analysis of homocysteine and methionine metabolism identifies five one carbon metabolism loci and a novel association of ALDH1L1 with ischemic stroke

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. PLoS genetics 2014-03-20

Circulating homocysteine levels (tHcy), a product of the folate one carbon metabolism pathway (FOCM) through the demethylation of methionine, are heritable and are associated with an increased risk of common diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and dementia. 4 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Participants: 2,710 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. BMC medicine 2023-07-21

Increasing evidence suggests an association between pro-inflammatory diets and cognitive function. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 1,372 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Associations of grip strength, walking pace, and the risk of incident dementia: A prospective cohort study of 340212 participants

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2022-09-24

Grip strength and walking pace have been linked to cognitive dysfunction. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 340,212 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Shingles, Zostavax vaccination and risk of developing dementia: a nested case-control study-results from the UK Biobank cohort

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. BMJ open 2021-10-08

Data were drawn from the UK Biobank cohort study with a total of 228 223 participants with Hospital Episodes Statistics and primary care linkage health records. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 2,378 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Association of Vascular Risk Factors and Genetic Factors With Penetrance of Variants Causing Monogenic Stroke

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2022-12-01

It is uncertain whether typical variants causing monogenic stroke are associated with cerebrovascular disease in the general population and why the phenotype of these variants varies so widely. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 454 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed