85/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 85 out of 100.
·
Nature Medicine
·
2025-01-13
Understanding the lifetime risk of dementia can inform public health planning and improve patient engagement in prevention. 1 key finding →
Design: cohort
Participants: 15,043
Evidence: high
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79/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 79 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2024-10-15
Plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology, neuronal injury, and astrogliosis increase with age and are associated with known dementia risk factors. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 1,525
Evidence: high
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76/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 76 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2022-07-01
A large fraction of dementia cases in the US were associated with potentially modifiable risk factors, especially for Black and Hispanic individuals. 4 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
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75/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 75 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2017-04-01
An increasing number of midlife vascular risk factors was significantly associated with elevated amyloid SUVR; this association was not significant for late-life risk factors. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 20
Evidence: moderate
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74/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2017-10-01
Midlife vascular risk factors are associated with increased risk of dementia in black and white ARIC Study participants. 4 key findings →
Design: prospective cohort
Participants: 744
Evidence: moderate
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
JAMA Neurology
·
2025-07-01
A total of 7731 participants were included in analysis of risk factors measured at age 45 to 54 years (4494 female [58%]; 2207 Black [29%]; 5524 White [71%]), 12 274 contributed to analysis of risk factors measured at age 55 to 64 years (6698 female [55%]; 2886 Black [24%]; 9388 White [76%]), and 6787 contributed to analysis of risk factors measured at age 65 to 74 years (3764 female [56%], 1375 Black [20%]; 5412 White [80%]). 3 key findings →
Design: cohort
Participants: 12,274
Evidence: moderate
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2016-07-01
In this community-based cohort without dementia, florbetapir uptake is associated with older age and APOE genotype. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 329
Evidence: moderate
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68/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2017-11-01
Our prospective findings provide evidence for what may be an early contributory role of systemic inflammation in neurodegeneration and cognitive aging. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,633
Evidence: moderate
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68/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2019-05-03
In this study, lower AD signature region volumes, brain microhemorrhages, higher WMH volumes, and infarcts were risk factors associated with dementia in older community-based residents. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,553
Evidence: moderate
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Diabetes prevention and glucose control in midlife may protect against late-life cognitive decline. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Head injury was associated with risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-1.57), with evidence of dose-response (1 head injury: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.13-1.39, 2+ head injuries: HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.86-2.46). 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 14,376
Evidence: moderate
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65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2019-12-30
These results suggest that WMH primarily affect the risk of progression when CSF measures of neurodegeneration or neuronal injury (as reflected by t-tau) are low. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 274
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2023-07-01
This cohort study using pooled data from 6 cohort studies found that incident MI was not associated with a decrease in global cognition, memory, or executive function at the time of the event compared with no MI but was associated with faster declines in global cognition, memory, and executive function over time. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 30
Evidence: moderate
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Studies of long-term cognitive change should account for the potential effects of education on the outcome, since some studies have demonstrated an association of education with dementia risk. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 14,020
Evidence: moderate
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2020-03-01
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is an important cause of stroke and has also been recently identified as an important risk factor for all-cause dementia, but the mechanism of its association with cognitive performance is not fully understood. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 346
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2020-09-28
At baseline, participants (n = 168) were cognitively normal and primarily middle-aged (mean 56.4 years, SD 10.9 years) and had both vascular risk factor status and proximal CSF biomarkers available. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 168
Evidence: moderate
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2017-03-22
From 2011 to 2013, 1,744 participants completed high-resolution vessel wall MRI from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study by a sampling strategy that allowed weighting back to the cohort. 4 key findings →
Participants: 291
Evidence: moderate
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58/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2014-10-01
Midlife hypertension and elevated midlife but not late-life systolic BP was associated with more cognitive decline during the 20 years of the study. 5 key findings →
Evidence: moderate
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This study tested the hypotheses that late-midlife obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and short and long sleep duration are associated with dementia over 15 years of follow-up. 4 key findings →
Participants: 1,667
Evidence: low
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& objective Evidence is limited on how estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) relate to dementia at different ages. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 9,967
Evidence: moderate
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During follow-up, 203 cases of hospitalisation with dementia were identified. 5 key findings →
Participants: 151
Evidence: moderate
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Even before dementia becomes apparent, cognitive decline may contribute to deterioration in oral health. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 10,050
Evidence: moderate
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AF is associated with greater cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia, independent of ischemic stroke. 5 key findings →
Participants: 515
Evidence: low
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Hypertension has emerged as a leading cause of age-related cognitive impairment. 1 key finding →
Evidence: low
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However, many did not adjust for important confounders or did not include women and non-whites. 4 key findings →
Participants: 10,975
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.