Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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41/100
Alzheimer's disease (AD) may present with pure (typical or atypical) and mixed phenotypes, sometimes causing difficulties in (differential) diagnosis.
Why it matters
This study compared classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with mixed versus pure amyloid- and tau-positive Alzheimer's disease to help with diagnosis. It is a diagnostic comparison and does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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In FFS, AD incidence (2008-2018) decreased (138 to 104); MCI incidence increased (8 to 47), but the sum (MCI + AD) was relatively stable (146 to 151).
Why it matters
This study described how often Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment were diagnosed in Medicare beneficiaries, finding that AD incidence decreased while MCI incidence increased and overall diagnostic prevalence rose over 10 years. It provides estimates of diagnosed disease in the population but does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Across the 591 counties in the Central Appalachian region, the average prevalence of ADRD from 2015- 2018 was 11.8%.
Why it matters
This study found that Alzheimer's disease and related dementias were only modestly more common in Appalachian counties than non-Appalachian counties. The authors note that the variation was smaller than expected and may be influenced by factors like the accuracy of the outcome measurement, but the study does not address treatment or prevention.
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The associations of lower foveal capillary density with cerebral WMH and amyloid positivity suggest that further research is warranted to evaluate for shared mechanisms of disease between small vessel disease and AD pathologies.
Why it matters
Lower capillary density in the fovea of the eye was associated with amyloid PET positivity and with small vessel disease in the brain. This is early research into possible shared mechanisms and does not show any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's.
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Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are currently broadly prescribed for the treatment of HIV infection but are also thought to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression by protecting against amyloidosis.
Why it matters
This case series evaluated the hypothesis that reverse transcriptase inhibitors protect against Alzheimer-type brain amyloidogenesis in people with HIV infection. It is a small case series and does not establish that these drugs treat, cure or prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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Established drug therapies for Alzheimer disease (cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) do not modify the disease course and provide only modest clinical benefit.
Why it matters
This review states that established drug therapies for Alzheimer's disease (cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) do not modify the disease course and provide only modest clinical benefit. It notes that two monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-beta (aducanumab and lecanemab) have been approved in the USA, and two agents (lecanemab and donanemab) are under evaluation in Australia.
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It has been reported that the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be predicted by the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) scores.
Why it matters
This study examined correlations between ANU-ADRI risk scores, CSF core biomarkers and cognition in non-demented Chinese adults from the CABLE study. It concerns risk prediction and biomarker associations, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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We question the validity of the evidence for the removal of amyloid in particular as assessed by amyloid PET imaging, believing that what is observed is more likely a large nonspecific amyloid PET signal in the white matter that diminishes during immunotherapy-in line with dose-dependent increases in amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and increased loss of cerebral volume in treated compared with placebo patients.
Why it matters
The authors question whether amyloid PET evidence of amyloid removal during immunotherapy is valid, suggesting the signal may instead come from nonspecific white matter changes. They recommend repeat FDG PET and MRI in future immunotherapy trials, and this is a commentary rather than a study of treatment benefit.
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Neuroinflammation precedes the clinical onset of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), by years or frequently even decades (1-3).
Why it matters
This review says neuroinflammation can begin years or even decades before Alzheimer's symptoms appear, and that more must be learned about how the nervous and immune systems interact. It does not report any treatment, cure or prevention that works; it only argues that understanding these interactions is needed to try to prevent or delay progression.
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Recent published clinical trial safety data showed that 41% of Alzheimer patients experienced amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), marks of microhemorrhages and edema in the brain, following administration of Biogen's Aduhelm/aducanumab (amino acids 3-7 of the Aβ peptide).
Why it matters
This paper reports that therapeutic anti-amyloid β antibodies caused amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in clinical trials, and that the molecular mechanisms underlying these abnormalities remain largely unknown. It focuses on neuronal disturbances caused by these antibodies rather than on curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Quantification of in vivo amyloid and tau PET imaging relationships with postmortem measurements are critical for validating the sensitivity and specificity imaging biomarkers across clinical phenotypes with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC).
Why it matters
In a single case of primary progressive aphasia with Alzheimer's disease pathology, amyloid and tau PET signals correlated with postmortem plaque and tangle counts. This one-person imaging-to-autopsy comparison supports validating PET biomarkers but does not test treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Among people with multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment occurs commonly and is a potent predictor of disability.
Why it matters
This study describes the challenge of telling apart cognitive impairment caused by multiple sclerosis from Alzheimer's disease in people who have both. It suggests that PET scans and spinal fluid proteins may help doctors make this distinction, but it reports no new treatment or cure.
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A reduction of retinal thickness and an alteration of retinal perfusion have been found in Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
In a small group of 24 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's and 13 controls, eye imaging showed differences in retinal thickness and blood flow. This is an early, preliminary finding about a possible noninvasive test, not a treatment or cure.
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Our findings suggest that quantification of WM changes in DS could provide a promising and clinically relevant biomarker for AD clinical onset and progression.
Why it matters
In 56 adults with Down syndrome, early changes in white matter were associated with Alzheimer-related cognitive deficits and with regional amyloid deposition. The authors suggest that measuring white matter changes could be a promising biomarker for onset and progression, but this is not a treatment or cure.
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We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients assessed at our memory unit for whom Alzheimer disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid biomarker results were available.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are degenerative conditions of the retina and a significant cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries.
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Aducanumab and BAN2401 showed significant efficacy on both clinical and biomarker outcomes; gantenerumab showed significant biomarker effects, with no clinical efficacy reported to date; and ALZ-801 showed significant clinical effects in the high-risk population of patients homozygous for the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) and a dose-dependent preservation of hippocampal volume.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles.
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Data-driven analyses are increasingly valued in modern medicine.
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Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an ever-growing field of computational science that aims to model natural human language.
Why it matters
This review describes how natural language processing and machine learning can analyze connected speech or writing to help detect Alzheimer's disease and preclinical mild cognitive impairment early. It notes that measurable language components show promise for early detection but that challenges remain for clinical implementation, and it does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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This narrative review aimed to summarize evidence regarding the responses to exercise among patients with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the effectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in improving cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia present in older adults; its etiology involves genetic and environmental factors.
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Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons.
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The development of cerebrospinal fluid and blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) and related disorders is rapidly progressing.
Why it matters
This review discusses how sex differences can affect the concentration or interpretation of Alzheimer's disease-related biofluid biomarkers, including amyloid-beta, phosphorylated tau, total tau, neurofilament light chain, and neurogranin. It does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 5,172 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study
- Inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease plasma
- Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine of patients in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Frequency of tau mutations in three series of non-Alzheimer's degenerative dementia
- Adapting prescribing criteria for amyloid‐targeted antibodies for adults with Down syndrome
- An alternative method for estimating efficacy of the AN1792 vaccine for Alzheimer disease
- Evidence of Pericyte Damage in a Cognitively Normal Cohort: Association With CSF and PET Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease
- Glial heme oxygenase-1 expression in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment
- Shared Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Alzheimer Disease
- Analytical validation and amyloid-status discrimination of a high-throughput, research-use-only plasma p-Tau217 immunoassay